Food insecurity and health: practices and policies to address food insecurity among children
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Childhood food insecurity is associated with poor dietary quality, poor educational performance, cardiometabolic risk factors, mental health disorders, and increased pediatric hospitalizations.
“These include poor dietary quality and educational performance, development of cardiometabolic risk factors and mental health disorders, and increased pediatric hospitalizations.3”
From Food Insecurity Screening and Intervention Strategies in Pediatric Primary Care Practices: A Mixed Methods Study (2026) · cites this paper as [3]
Food insecurity in childhood is associated with poor health and worse well-being outcomes.
“Children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of FI, as it has been associated with poor health and worse well-being outcomes in childhood.3”
From Food Insecurity Screening and Intervention Strategies in Pediatric Primary Care Practices: A Mixed Methods Study (2026) · cites this paper as [3]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Development and Validity of a 2-Item Screen to Identify Families at Risk for Food Insecurity
Hager, E. R., Quigg, A. M., Black, M. M., Coleman, S. M., Heeren, T., Rose-Jacobs, R., Cook, J. T., de Cuba, S. A. E., Casey, P. H., Chilton, M., et al. (2010) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-3146 · Cited by 1,538 · cited 1× · see citing works
“First, pediatricians should screen for food insecurity in their practice settings using the Hunger Vital Sign, a twoquestion, validated tool that is widely used in clinical and community-based settings across the nation.(74,75) Next, when a child or family screens positive for food insecurity risk in a practice settin…”
MethodHousehold Food Security in the United States in 2018
Coleman‐Jensen, A., Rabbitt, M. P., Gregory, C., & Singh, A. P. (2019) · AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA) · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.301167 · Cited by 953 · see citing works
Long-Run Impacts of Childhood Access to the Safety Net
Hoynes, H. W., Schanzenbach, D. W., & Almond, D. V. (2016) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20130375 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Food insufficiency, family income, and health in US preschool and school-aged children
Alaimo, K., Olson, C. M., Frongillo, E. A., & BRIEFEL, R. R. (2001) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.91.5.781 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Shankar, P., Chung, R., & Frank, D. A. (2017) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000383 · Cited by 460 · cited 1× · see citing works
“”(4,5) While food insecurity has direct and indirect consequences across the lifespan, food insecurity—and even marginal food security (a less severe level of food insecurity)(6,7)—is especially detrimental to the health, development, and well-being of children.(1,8) Research shows a link for children between food ins…”
BackgroundPromoting food security for all children
COUNCIL ON COMMUNITY PEDIATRICS, COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION, Gitterman, B. A., Chilton, L. A., Cotton, W. H., Duffee, J. H., Flanagan, P., Keane, V. A., Krugman, S. D., Kuo, A. A., et al. (2015) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3301 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Household Food Insecurity: Associations With At-Risk Infant and Toddler Development
Rose-Jacobs, R., Black, M. M., Casey, P. H., Cook, J. T., Cutts, D. B., Chilton, M., Heeren, T., Levenson, S. M., Meyers, A. F., & Frank, D. A. (2008) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-3717 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Cook, J. T., Black, M. M., Chilton, M. M., Cutts, D. B., de Cuba, S. E., Heeren, T., Jacobs, R. R., Sandel, M. T., Casey, P. H., Coleman, S. M., et al. (2013) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.112.003228 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Wimer, C. (2015) · The SAGE Encyclopedia of World Poverty · doi:10.4135/9781483345727.n769 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Child food insecurity increases risks posed by household food insecurity to young children’s health.
Cook, J. T., Frank, D. A., Levenson, S. M., Neault, N. B., Heeren, T. C., Black, M. M., Berkowitz, C., Casey, P. H., Meyers, A. F., Cutts, D. B., et al. (2006) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.4.1073 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Brief assessment of food insecurity accurately identifies high-risk US adults
Gundersen, C., Engelhard, E., Crumbaugh, A. S., & Seligman, H. K. (2017) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980017000180 · Cited by 287 · cited 1× · see citing works
“First, pediatricians should screen for food insecurity in their practice settings using the Hunger Vital Sign, a twoquestion, validated tool that is widely used in clinical and community-based settings across the nation.(74,75) Next, when a child or family screens positive for food insecurity risk in a practice settin…”
MethodThe impact of the National School Lunch Program on child health: A nonparametric bounds analysis
Gundersen, C., Kreider, B., & Pepper, J. V. (2011) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2011.06.007 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Food Insecurity and Mental Disorders in a National Sample of U.S. Adolescents
McLaughlin, K. A., Green, J. G., Alegria, M. M., Costello, E. J., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., & Kessler, R. C. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.09.009 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Chronic Stress and Low Birth Weight Neonates in a Low-Income Population of Women
Borders, A. E. B., Grobman, W. A., Amsden, L. B., & Holl, J. L. (2007) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000250535.97920.b5 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Food insecurity is associated with iron deficiency anemia in US adolescents
Eicher‐Miller, H. A., Mason, A. C., Weaver, C. M., McCabe, G. P., & Boushey, C. J. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27886 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Knowles, M., Rabinowich, J., de Cuba, S. E., Cutts, D. B., & Chilton, M. M. (2015) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-015-1797-8 · Cited by 238 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Furthermore, because of limited financial resources, families who are food insecure may use coping strategies to stretch budgets that are harmful for health and nutrition, such as diluting or rationing infant formula(32) or making trade-offs between food and other basic necessities (eg, housing, medicine).(33) Finally…”
BackgroundFranckle, R., Adler, R., & Davison, K. (2014) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd11.130355 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Food Insecurity and Risk of Poor Health Among US-Born Children of Immigrants
Chilton, M. M., Black, M. M., Berkowitz, C. D., Casey, P. H., Cook, J. T., Cutts, D. B., Jacobs, R. R., Heeren, T., de Cuba, S. E., Coleman, S. M., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.144394 · Cited by 218 · cited 1× · see citing works
“US-citizen children of immigrant mothers also face an increased risk of household food insecurity.(3) Furthermore, an emerging body of evidence indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased food insecurity among US families and children, with one report concluding that, based on April 2020”
BackgroundMaternal Food Insecurity Is Associated with Increased Risk of Certain Birth Defects ,
Carmichael, S. L., Yang, W., Herring, A. H., Abrams, B. F., & Shaw, G. M. (2007) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/137.9.2087 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
McIntyre, L., Williams, J. V. A., Lavorato, D. H., & Patten, S. B. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.029 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Nutrition and cognitive achievement: An evaluation of the School Breakfast Program
Frisvold, D. (2014) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.12.003 · Cited by 191 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The programs support and improve student health, including weight-related outcomes such as overweight or obesity,(41,66) and program participation, particularly for school breakfast, is associated with improved school attendance and academic performance.(67,68) Furthermore, summer nutrition programs are an important s…”
BackgroundHoward, L. L. (2010) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.08.003 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Child Experience of Food Insecurity Is Associated with Child Diet and Physical Activity ,
Fram, M. S., Ritchie, L. D., Rosen, N. J., & Frongillo, E. A. (2015) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.114.194365 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Ryu, J.-H., & Bartfeld, J. S. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.300971 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Food Insecurity, Health, and Development in Children Under Age Four Years
Drennen, C. R., Coleman, S. M., Ettinger de Cuba, S., Frank, D. A., Chilton, M., Cook, J. T., Cutts, D. B., Heeren, T., Casey, P. H., & Black, M. M. (2019) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2019-0824 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Associations Between Household Food Insecurity in Early Childhood and Children's Kindergarten Skills
Johnson, A. D., & Markowitz, A. J. (2017) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12764 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Chi, D. L., Masterson, E. E., Carle, A. C., Mancl, L., & Coldwell, S. E. (2014) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301699 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Bottino, C. J., Rhodes, E. T., Kreatsoulas, C., Cox, J. E., & Fleegler, E. W. (2017) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2016.10.006 · Cited by 129 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, research shows that not every family who reports food insecurity will want to be connected to food resources, and, conversely, some families may not endorse food insecurity in a screening tool yet desire a referral for food resources.(76) The latter reinforces the importance of an open dialogue with patients.”
Bartfeld, J. S., & Ahn, H.-M. (2011) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.110.130823 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Nord, M., & Romig, K. (2006) · Journal of Children and Poverty · doi:10.1080/10796120600879582 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Early childhood WIC participation, cognitive development and academic achievement
Jackson, M. I. (2014) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.018 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The Child and Adult Care Food Program and the nutrition of preschoolers
Korenman, S. D., Abner, K., Kaestner, R. J., & Gordon, R. A. (2012) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2012.07.007 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Effects of WIC and Food Stamp Program participation on child outcomes
Lee, B. J., & Mackey-Bilaver, L. (2006) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2006.10.005 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Identifying the Effects of WIC on Food Insecurity Among Infants and Children
Kreider, B., Pepper, J. V., & Roy, M. (2016) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.1002/soej.12078 · Cited by 99 · cited 2× · see citing works
“WIC reduces the prevalence of household food insecurity by at least 20%, based on a national sample of children under the age of 5 who lived in households that were income-eligible for WIC.(38) Additional peer-reviewed studies demonstrate improvements in food security with school breakfast,(39,40) school lunch,(41,42)…”
BackgroundHousehold Food Insecurity and Mental Health Problems Among Adolescents: What Do Parents Report?
Salvo, E. P.-D., Silver, E. J., & Stein, R. E. K. (2015) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2015.08.005 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Household Food Insecurity Is Associated with Childhood Asthma
Mangini, L. D., Hayward, M. D., Dong, Y. Q., & Forman, M. R. (2015) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.115.215939 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Food Insecurity and Family Well-Being Outcomes among Households with Young Children
Johnson, A. D., & Markowitz, A. J. (2018) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.01.026 · Cited by 84 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Research also links food insecurity in households with young children to unfavorable outcomes for the family unit, including increased maternal depressive symptoms and parental arguing.(31) These findings are not surprising given the heightened stress and pressure facing parents with low incomes who struggle to feed t…”
BackgroundQuigg, A. M. (2012) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.1 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Changes in Body Mass Index Associated With Head Start Participation
Lumeng, J. C., Kaciroti, N., Sturza, J., Krusky, A. M., Miller, A. L., Peterson, K. E., Lipton, R., & Reischl, T. M. (2015) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1725 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation and Child Food Security
Mabli, J., & Worthington, J. (2014) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2823 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Estimating Impacts of a Breakfast in the Classroom Program on School Outcomes
Anzman‐Frasca, S., Djang, H. C., Halmo, M. M., Dolan, P. R., & Economos, C. D. (2014) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.2042 · Cited by 78 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The programs support and improve student health, including weight-related outcomes such as overweight or obesity,(41,66) and program participation, particularly for school breakfast, is associated with improved school attendance and academic performance.(67,68) Furthermore, summer nutrition programs are an important s…”
BackgroundArteaga, I. A., & Heflin, C. M. (2014) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.09.014 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Eicher‐Miller, H. A., Mason, A. C., Weaver, C. M., McCabe, G. P., & Boushey, C. J. (2011) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.111.142059 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Pelto, D. J., Ocampo, A., Garduño-Ortega, O., López, C. T. B., Macaluso, F., Ramirez, J., González, J., & Gany, F. M. (2019) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-019-00765-z · Cited by 74 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A host of antiimmigrant threats are creating a climate of fear in many immigrant communities, making it more difficult for families to access federal nutrition programs and other safety net programs.(85,86) Pediatricians should provide up-to-date information to immigrant families about their eligibility for program be…”
BackgroundSNAP, Young Children's Health, and Family Food Security and Healthcare Access
de Cuba, S. E., Bovell-Ammon, A., Cook, J. T., Coleman, S. M., Black, M. M., Chilton, M. M., Casey, P. H., Cutts, D. B., Heeren, T., Sandel, M. T., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.027 · Cited by 73 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For instance, children participating in SNAP are less likely to have obesity, underweight, developmental risk, nutritional risk, or fair or poor health status(47,48); less likely to be hospitalized(49); and their families are less likely to report health cost sacrifices.(48) Access to SNAP in utero and in early childh…”
BackgroundSNAP Food Security In-Depth Interview StudyPreprint
Edin, K. J., Boyd, M. L., Mabli, J., Ohls, J., Worthington, J., Greene, S., Redel, N., & Sridharan, S. (2013) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The Relationship between the School Breakfast Program and Food Insecurity
Fletcher, J. M., & Frisvold, D. (2017) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/joca.12163 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Transitional Dynamics of Household Food Insecurity Impact Children's Developmental Outcomes
Grineski, S. E., Morales, D. X., Collins, T. W., & Rubio, R. (2018) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000598 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Predictors of Poor School Readiness in Children Without Developmental Delay at Age 2
Nelson, B. B., Dudovitz, R., Coker, T., Barnert, E., Biely, C., Li, N., Szilagyi, P., Larson, K., Halfon, N., Zimmerman, F., et al. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-4477 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The Impact of WIC on Birth Outcomes: New Evidence from South Carolina
Sonchak, L. (2016) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-016-1951-y · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Predictors of Nutrition Quality in Early Child Education Settings in Connecticut
Andreyeva, T., Kenney, E. L., O’Connell, M., Sun, X., & Henderson, K. E. (2018) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2017.12.016 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Learning from Summer: Effects of Voluntary Summer Learning Programs on Low-Income Urban Youth
Augustine, C. H., McCombs, J. S., Pane, J. F., Schwartz, H. L., Schweig, J. D., McEachin, A. J., & Siler-Evans, K. (2016) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/rr1557 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Are Our Babies Hungry? Food Insecurity Among Infants in Urban Clinics
Burkhardt, M. C., Beck, A. F., Kahn, R. S., & Klein, M. D. (2011) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/0009922811426767 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Food Insecurity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents
Robson, S. M., Lozano, A. J., Papas, M. A., & Patterson, F. (2017) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd14.170222 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Vernarelli, J. A., & O'Brien, B. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9090924 · Cited by 43 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For school-aged children, national and local studies demonstrate the value of school breakfast and lunch in improving student dietary intake and quality.(64,65) The programs support and improve student health, including weight-related outcomes such as overweight or obesity,(41,66) and program participation, particular…”
BackgroundFederal Food Policy And Childhood Obesity: A Solution Or Part Of The Problem?
Kimbro, R. T., & Rigby, E. (2010) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0731 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The Child and Adult Care Food Program and Food Insecurity
Heflin, C. M., Arteaga, I. A., & Gable, S. (2015) · Social Service Review · doi:10.1086/679760 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Implications of Changing Public Charge Immigration Rules for Children Who Need Medical Care
Zallman, L., Finnegan, K. E., Himmelstein, D. U., Touw, S., & Woolhandler, S. J. (2019) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1744 · Cited by 40 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A host of antiimmigrant threats are creating a climate of fear in many immigrant communities, making it more difficult for families to access federal nutrition programs and other safety net programs.(85,86) Pediatricians should provide up-to-date information to immigrant families about their eligibility for program be…”
BackgroundAccessibility of summer meals and the food insecurity of low-income households with children
Miller, D. P. (2016) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980016000033 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
School breakfast and body mass index: a longitudinal observational study of middle school students
Wang, S., Schwartz, M. B., Shebl, F. M., Read, M. C., Henderson, K. E., & Ickovics, J. (2016) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12127 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Children with Special Health Care Needs, Supplemental Security Income, and Food Insecurity
Jacobs, R. R., Fiore, J. G., de Cuba, S. E., Black, M. M., Cutts, D. B., Coleman, S. M., Heeren, T., Chilton, M. M., Casey, P. H., Cook, J. T., et al. (2016) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000260 · Cited by 38 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Finally, food insecurity can complicate and compound the health challenges and expenses faced by households with children who have special health care needs—populations at high risk for food insecurity.(34,35) For example, children with epilepsy living in food-insecure households have significantly worse health-relate…”
BackgroundSouth, A. M., Palakshappa, D., & Brown, C. L. (2019) · Pediatric Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s00467-019-04253-3 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Reassessing the Association between WIC and Birth Outcomes Using a Fetuses-at-Risk Approach
Fingar, K. R., Lob, S. H., Dove, M. S., Gradziel, P., & Curtis, M. P. (2016) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-016-2176-9 · Cited by 36 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Prenatal or early childhood participation in WIC is associated with improved dietary intake and quality,(51,52) weight outcomes,(53) immunization rates,(54,55) cognitive development and school performance,(56) and birth outcomes (including a lower risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and perinatal death).(57,58) W…”
BackgroundLunch at the library: examination of a community-based approach to addressing summer food insecurity
Bruce, J. S., Cruz, M. M. D. L., Moreno, G. D., & Chamberlain, L. J. (2017) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980017000258 · Cited by 34 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Furthermore, summer nutrition programs are an important strategy for preventing summer weight gain(69,70) and learning loss among school-aged children.(71,72) Similarly, the afterschool nutrition programs provide good nutrition and enrichment activities during out-of-school time periods.”
BackgroundFood Matters: Food Insecurity among Pregnant Adolescents and Infant Birth Outcomes
Grilo, S. A., Earnshaw, V. A., Lewis, J. B., Stasko, E. C., Magriples, U., Tobin, J. N., & Ickovics, J. R. (2015) · Journal of Applied Research on Children Informing Policy for Children at Risk · doi:10.58464/2155-5834.1270 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Nianogo, R. A., Wang, M. C., Basurto‐Dávila, R., Nobari, T. Z., Prelip, M. L., Arah, O. A., & Whaley, S. E. (2019) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.04.011 · Cited by 33 · cited 2× · see citing works
“48 in medical, educational, and productivity costs over a newborn’s lifetime by preventing preterm birth, based on simulations of WIC participation in California.(59) Participation in CACFP, a program primarily targeting infants and young children, is associated with better dietary intake,(60,61) improved weight outco…”
MethodInfluentialMetallinos‐Katsaras, E. S., Colchamiro, R., Edelstein, S. F., & Siu, E. C. (2016) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.008 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Revealing the Prevalence and Consequences of Food Insecurity in Children with Epilepsy
O’Malley, J. A., Klett, B. M., Klein, M. D., Inman, N., & Beck, A. F. (2017) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-017-0372-1 · Cited by 29 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, children with epilepsy living in food-insecure households have significantly worse health-related quality of life and more medication side effects than their counterparts in food-secure households.(36)”
Food insufficiency and children with special healthcare needs
Balistreri, K. S. (2019) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.011 · Cited by 29 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Finally, food insecurity can complicate and compound the health challenges and expenses faced by households with children who have special health care needs—populations at high risk for food insecurity.(34,35) For example, children with epilepsy living in food-insecure households have significantly worse health-relate…”
BackgroundColman, S., Nichols-Barrer, I., Redline, J. E., Devaney, B., Ansell, S. V., & Joyce, T. (2012) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The Impact of WIC on Infant Immunizations and Health Care Utilization
Bersak, T., & Sonchak, L. (2016) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12810 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Assessing Immunization Interventions in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program
Thomas, T. N., Kolasa, M., Zhang, F., & Shefer, A. M. (2014) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.06.017 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Perceptions and Experiences with SNAP and Potential Policies: Viewpoint from SNAP Participants
Chiappone, A. L., Parks, C. A., Calloway, E. E., Fricke, H. E., Stern, K. L., & Yaroch, A. L. (2018) · Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition · doi:10.1080/19320248.2018.1512927 · Cited by 16 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For most households, SNAP benefits are not enough to get through the entire month without hunger or being forced to sacrifice nutrition quality.(77,78) Oppose rollbacks on policies that allow states to get SNAP benefits to people in need.”
BackgroundFood and Beverage Intake From 12 to 23 Months by WIC Status
Hamner, H. C., Paolicelli, C., Casavale, K. O., Haake, M., & Bartholomew, A. (2019) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-2274 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kenney, E. L., Austin, S. B., Cradock, A. L. I., Giles, C. M., Lee, R. M., Davison, K. K., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2014) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd11.140301 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Household food insecurity positively associated with increased hospital charges for infants
de Cuba, S. E., Casey, P. H., Cutts, D. B., Heeren, T., Coleman, S. M., Bovell-Ammon, A., Frank, D. A., & Cook, J. T. (2019) · Journal of Applied Research on Children Informing Policy for Children at Risk · doi:10.58464/2155-5834.1355 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Primer on US Food and Nutrition Policy and Public Health: Protect School Nutrition Standards
Schwartz, M. B., Brownell, K. D., & Miller, D. L. (2019) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2019.305072 · Cited by 4 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Despite widespread support, overwhelming evidence of compliance, and positive nutrition impacts, efforts have been underway to rollback the science-based school meal nutrition standards issued in January 2012.(82,83) If successful, the end result will be a weakening of the standards for whole grains, sodium, milk, fru…”
BackgroundMisguided Changes to SNAP — Defending a Public Health Intervention for the Poor
Richterman, A. G., & Ivers, L. C. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp2000253 · Cited by 4 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A number of harmful proposals have been issued in recent years that would reduce or eliminate SNAP benefits for certain individuals and households, including those who are unemployed, underemployed, or earning their way up the economic ladder.(79) For example, a proposal to restrict broad-based categorical eligibility…”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 79 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [82]82. Kogan R. Rollback of Nutrition Standards Not Supported by Evi- dence. Available at: https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/ hblog20190312.130704/full/. Accessed January 16, 2020.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Genetically engineered crops for sustainably enhanced food production systems
Aziz, M. A., Brini, F., Rouached, H., & Masmoudi, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.1027828 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Social Determinants of Health 201 for Health Care: Plan, Do, Study, Act
Magnan, S. J. (2021) · NAM Perspectives · doi:10.31478/202106c · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Since these programs are often under-funded or funding is under attack, providers can advocate for appropriate funding, as well as use their community benefit to support local food banks, such as Second Harvest [22].”
BackgroundInfluentialFood is Medicine Initiative for Mitigating Food Insecurity in the United States
Sharma, V., & Sharma, R. (2024) · Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.3961/jpmph.23.505 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Ming, D. Y., Jones, K. A., White, M. J., Pritchard, J. E., Hammill, B. G., Bush, C., Jackson, G. L., & Raman, S. R. (2022) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-022-03543-x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Thanaraju, A., Marzuki, A. A., Chan, J. K., Wong, K. Y., Phon-Amnuaisuk, P., Vafa, S., Chew, J., Chia, Y. C., & Jenkins, M. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105716 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Low-Carbohydrate Diets in Children and Adolescents With or at Risk for Diabetes
Neyman, A., Hannon, T. S., Corkins, M. R., Blanco, C. L., Fuchs, G. J., Goday, P. S., Hannon, T. S., Lindsey, C. W., Rome, E. S., Bremer, A. A., et al. (2023) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2023-063755 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ling, J., Chen, S., Zhang, N., Robbins, L. B., & Kerver, J. M. (2023) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000697 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Undoubtedly, food insecurity is detrimental to children ’ s health and development as well as their parents ’ mental well-being (Hartline-Grafton & Hassink, 2021).”
BackgroundHartline‐Grafton, H., & Levin, M. (2022) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-022-00434-z · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationJohnson, S., Fischer, L. K., Gupta, S., Lazerov, J., Singletary, J., & Essel, K. D. (2023) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/00099228221150604 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Buccini, G., Larrison, C., Neupane, S., Palapa, M., Schincaglia, R. M., Brown, S., & Gubert, M. B. (2024) · Maternal and Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/mcn.13696 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
de Amorim, A. L. B., Santos, R. D. D., Ribeiro, J. R. S., Canella, D. S., & Bandoni, D. H. (2021) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111502 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Nguyen, H.-A. T., Poblacion, A. P., de Cuba, S. E., Bruce, C., & Cutts, D. B. (2022) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2022.07.009 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“In line with the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) recommendations, 39,40 our study highlights the need for increased state and federal investment in child care, both in expanding families’ access to formal child care settings while also devoting efforts to leverage community partnerships to…”
BackgroundUnhealthy dietary patterns in the American Nations: A crisis with cultural distinctions
Laddu, D., Arena, R. A., Pronk, N. P., & Woodard, C. (2024) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102558 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sánchez, N., Bernstein, R. M., Annameier, S. K., Clark, E., Jimenez, V., Hanson, L., Jaquez, M. R., Bristol, M., Schwartz, L., Haemer, M. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Latinx Psychology · doi:10.1037/lat0000205 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ghadban, E., Fekih‐Romdhane, F., Khachan, J., Rizk, M., Ghadbane, C., Mouaness, C., Chehwan, T., Aam, M. E., Obeïd, S., & Hallit, S. R. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-21785-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“FI can exacerbate these mental health conditions and disordered eating behaviors [20, 24–26, 31, 32].”
Green, C., Martinez, A. C., & Becker, S. P. (2024) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-024-01226-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bloom, M., McCoy, C., Hendrix-Dicken, A., Elenwo, C., Baxter, M. A., Coffey, S. M., & Hartwell, M. L. (2024) · Journal of Osteopathic Medicine · doi:10.1515/jom-2023-0263 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“to food, in itself, is a signi fi cant concern for child well-being, creating many health disparities and adverse social outcomes – including increased risk for iron-de fi ciency anemia, tooth decay, frequent headaches, asthma, and poor mental and metabolic health outcomes [2, 3].”
BackgroundGreen, N., Manwani, D. G., Smith‐Whitley, K., Aygün, B., Appiah‐Kubi, A., & Smaldone, A. M. (2022) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.29797 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Batioja, K., Elenwo, C., Hendrix-Dicken, A., Ali, L., Wetherill, M. S., & Hartwell, M. L. (2024) · Journal of Osteopathic Medicine · doi:10.1515/jom-2023-0239 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Eldin, M. M., Campbell, S., Lee, M., Nowak-Wegrzyn, A. H., & Varshney, P. (2025) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2025.02.011 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Geospatial Analysis of Food Insecurity and Adverse Human Health Outcomes in the United States
Joseph, N. (2025) · GeoHealth · doi:10.1029/2024gh001198 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Food insecurity in children with heart disease
Burns, J., Norton, D. M., Cooper, P. N., Day, P. E., Rao, M. Y., Parra, C. S., & Kiener, A. J. (2024) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0000000000001348 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“These efforts are only possible through collaboration with multi-disciplinary teams, including physicians, nurses, social workers, and dieticians, among others, to optimize food security and cardiac health outcomes.”
BackgroundMissed Opportunities to Address SNAP for Nonenrolled Children
Geanacopoulos, A. T., Branley, C. E., Garg, A., Samuels‐Kalow, M. E., Gabbay, J. M., & Peltz, A. (2025) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2024-066652 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Suarez, L., James, G., Montez, K., Orr, C., Nandagiri, V., Huang, A., Tyrrell, H., & Cholera, R. (2026) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2025.103200 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gong, Q., & Ju, S. (2024) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000001281 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“34,35 Further development and reinforcement of such programs, such as tailoring these programs to address specific community needs and integrating these nutrition assistance programs with other social services, are essential to enhance their reach and efficacy.”
Moosavian, S. P., Awlqadr, F. H., Mehrabani, S., Mazinani, K., Jalili, F., MacIsaac, F., Ghoreishy, S. M., Ebrahimi, B., Kermani, M. A. H., & Moradi, S. (2026) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.71625 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
FOOD INSECURITY AND CHILDHOOD OBESITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Setiawati, F., & Dewi, A. P. (2023) · Journal of Advance Research in Medical & Health Science · doi:10.53555/nnmhs.v9i8.1825 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“INTRODUCTION Food security in children is becoming a public health issue.(1) The 1996 World Food Summit defined household food security as having constant access to sufficient, secure, and nutritious food on both a physical and economic level.”
BackgroundLim, K., Nguyen, K. H., Goutos, D., Shafer, P. R., de la Vega, P. B., & Cole, M. B. (2024) · Journal of Ambulatory Care Management · doi:10.1097/jac.0000000000000499 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Food security policy and coastal climate adaptation among Indigenous and Local Communities
Galappaththi, E. K., Perera, C. D., Ilangarathna, G. A., Jayasekara, S. M., & Garbutt, H. (2024) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106408 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Black, J., & Byun, Y. (2025) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaf066 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“116 Political scientist Joan Tronto has called for centering care at the heart of our political and social lives.”
Cheung, T., Setty, M., Riray, E., Green, B., Wadhwani, S. I., & Patel‐Sanchez, N. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpn3.70169 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mullins, A. M., McRae, A., Ansah, R., Johnson, S. B., Flessa, S. J., & Thornton, R. L. J. (2022) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2022.01.005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Addressing Food Insecurity Among Hospitalized Children: Upstream and Downstream Approaches
Luke, M. J., & Vasan, A. (2024) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2024-007807 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Autistic Children and Their Families
Anderson, K. A., Radey, M., Rast, J. E., Roux, A. M., & Shea, L. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06280-y · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…provides food vouchers and nutritional assistance to eligible low-income individuals and families; and free or reduced-cost meals - or the National School Breakfast or Lunch Programs (NSBLP) – which provides free or sub-sidized breakfast and/or lunch in school (Hartline-Grafton & Hassink, 2021).”
Emerging Trends and Management Strategies in Pediatric Hypertension: A Comprehensive Update
Moideen, A., Selvathesan, N., Mansoor, Y., Al-Dmour, A., Fallatah, R., & Pearl, R. J. (2024) · Current Pediatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s40124-024-00337-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables can also be achieved by increasing the availability and afford - ability of these foods, particularly for populations who may experience higher burdens of food insecurity [91–94].”
Calloway, E. E., Carpenter, L. R., Gargano, T., dos Santos, S. P. L., Long, C. R., Bailey, M., & Yaroch, A. L. (2025) · Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition · doi:10.1080/19320248.2025.2555929 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“46,57,58 Understanding household resilience and associated factors, in the context of food insecurity risk, may be crucial for early identification of vulnerable households and preventative strategies to address root causes of food insecurity and build long-term resiliency.”
Testing the JOIN for ME Program in Low-Income Communities: Rhode Island CORD 3.0
Jelalian, E., Hayes, J. F., Darling, K. E., Seifer, R., Shepard, D. S., Grenga, A. M., Evans, E. W., & Elwy, A. R. (2025) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1177/21532176251385687 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jomaa, L., Kharma, J. A., Hwalla, N. C., Mpinga, E. K., Kandala, N., & Ouaijan, K. (2025) · BMC Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s40795-025-01196-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“By integrating food assistance with medical care, these interventions can help improve overall patient well-being while also reducing the burden on healthcare systems, which is essential in settings with strained health care systems [68].”
Cheng, T. C., & Lo, C. C. (2025) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1080/01488376.2025.2591625 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Under the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 (Hartline-Grafton & Hassink, 2021), low-income children are entitled to school meals without charge.”
Cason-Wilkerson, R. L., & Anderson‐Berry, A. (2026) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-026-04806-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Freeman, K. D., Peters, K., & Vallangeon, D. (2026) · Journal of Public Health Management and Practice · doi:10.1097/phh.0000000000002359 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lacsa, J. E. M. (2024) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdae140 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Food Insecurity in the Rural South in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Taylor, L. C. (2023) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v11i12.4593
“21 Studies have shown higher levels of food insecurity among rural and low-income households, particularly those with children, 6, 22 aligning with our findings.”
BackgroundSchuh, A. M., Alexander, C., Gasperetti, K., Gorecki, M. C., Cutler, K., Hoffman, C., Kahn, R. S., Okano, C., & Riley, C. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1436760
“Despite great efforts to improve food security on multiple levels (14–17), this wicked problem is likely to persist along with the associated negative outcomes if there are not efforts at systemic resolution (18).”
BackgroundTeli, R., Domaratzky, M., & Duh‐Leong, C. (2025) · American Academy of PediatricsItasca, IL eBooks · doi:10.1542/9781610027922-7
Maternal Nutrition for Healthy Pregnancy, Including the Conception, Antenatal, and Postnatal Periods
Agroia, H. K. (2025) · Nutrition and health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-95373-6_11
Burnette, C. B., & Muentner, L. (2025) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2025.114870
An, M., Baturin, A. K., Арсеньевна, М. Э., & Nikityuk, D. B. (2025) · ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT · doi:10.35627/2219-5238/2025-33-9-67-77
McClure, T., Gilchrist, K., Manuel, A., Lopez, C. G.-A., Smith, C. A., Graham, J., Black, S., & Brown, B. D. (2025) · Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development · doi:10.5304/jafscd.2025.144.022
Examining the Association Between Food Insecurity and Pediatric Irritability
Wilner, J. G., Lee, E., Cho, E., Salisbury, A., Arnott, E. G., Parker, K., Shogren, N. P., Kaplan, C., Naclerio, M., Au, J. S., et al. (2026) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-026-01981-0
Richards, R., Zapata, A., & Hernandez, D. C. (2026) · Dietetics · doi:10.3390/dietetics5020023
Impact of Food Insecurity on the Management of Children With Food Allergy: A Scoping Review
Atwal, K., & Maslin, K. (2026) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuag066
Hunger and Brain Health Risk Factors among US High School Students
Hammad, N., Thapa, K., Valluri, H. G., & Saadi, A. (2026) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/ned/adwag004
- Authors
- Hartline-Grafton, H., & Hassink, S. G.
- Affiliations
- American Academy of Pediatrics (US)
- ORCID
- Hassink, Sandra G.
- Venue
- Academic Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 205-210
- ISSN
- 1876-2859 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7347342
- OpenAlex
- W3040811988
- Semantic Scholar
- bf5f441536cda4cf9408e05165389b2b5e97653a
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 3.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Academic Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Child and Adolescent Health
- Keywords
- food insecurity, children, pediatricians, health-related social needs, food insecurity screening, federal nutrition programs, food aid, health policy advocacy, child health and development
- MeSH terms
- Food Insecurity, Child, Food Supply, Humans, Poverty, Socioeconomic Factors, Policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
