Cited by 30Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineHemostasis and retained surgical itemsPolymer Surface Interaction Studies

Crosslinking decreases the hemocompatibility of decellularized, porcine small intestinal submucosa

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Glynn, Jeremy J., Polsin, Elizabeth G., Hinds, Monica T.·2015·Acta Biomaterialia

Abstract

Decellularized tissues have been widely used as scaffolds for biomedical applications due to their presentation of adhesion peptide sequences and growth factors, which facilitate integration with surrounding tissue. One of the most commonly used decellularized tissues is derived from porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS). In some applications, SIS is crosslinked to modulate the mechanical properties or degradation rate of the scaffold. Despite the widespread use of SIS, there has been no mechanistic characterization of blood reactions with SIS, or how crosslinking affects these reactions. Therefore, we characterized the effect of SIS and carbodiimide-crosslinked SIS (cSIS) on plasma coagulation, including targeted assessments of the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways, and thrombus formation using flowing whole blood. SIS inhibited plasma coagulation initiated by recalcification, as well as low concentrations of thrombin or tissue factor. SIS prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time by 14.3 ± 1.54s, indicating inhibition of the intrinsic coagulation pathway. Carbodiimide crosslinking abrogated all anticoagulant effects of SIS, as did heparinase I and III treatment, suggesting that heparin and heparan sulfate are predominantly responsible for SIS anticoagulant effects. Inhibiting contact activation of the intrinsic pathway prevented cSIS-mediated coagulation. When tubular SIS devices were connected to a nonhuman primate arteriovenous shunt loop, which enables whole blood to flow across devices without the use of anticoagulants, SIS demonstrated remarkably limited platelet accumulation and fibrinogen incorporation, while cSIS initiated significantly higher platelet and fibrinogen accumulation. These results demonstrate that SIS is a thromboresistant material and crosslinking markedly reduces the hemocompatibility of SIS.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.11.038

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  • Crosslinkers cause lower degradability, lower cytocompatibility, and higher inflammation.

    “this is at the cost of lower degradability, lower cytocompatibility, and higher inflammation [185,194,195].”

    From Immune Response to Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffolds: A Comprehensive Review (2025) · cites this paper as [195]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) says crosslinking SIS can reduce its degradation rate and cause chronic inflammation. The Discussion (page unavailable) reports increased inflammation and slower cellular infiltration, but does not establish lower cytocompatibility. The findings also concern crosslinked SIS, not crosslinkers generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Authors
Glynn, J. J., Polsin, E. G., & Hinds, M. T.
Affiliations
Oregon Health & Science University (US)
Corresponding author
Hinds, Monica T.
Venue
Acta Biomaterialia
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-03
Volume
14
Pages
96-103
ISSN
1742-7061 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1975763856
Cited by
30
References
52
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2
FWCI
2.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Acta Biomaterialia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE-0925180)
  • M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust Foundation
  • American Heart Association Predoctoral Fellowship (14PRE20380042)
  • NIH (R01HL095474, R01HL103728, OD011092)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Hemostasis and retained surgical items
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
Keywords
small intestinal submucosa, carbodiimide crosslinking, hemocompatibility, anticoagulant activity, heparin, heparan sulfate, intrinsic coagulation pathway, extrinsic coagulation pathway, thrombus formation, platelet accumulation, arteriovenous shunt, whole blood flow, tissue engineering biomaterials
MeSH terms
Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Blood Coagulation, Blood Platelets, Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases, Cross-Linking Reagents, Fibrinogen, Glycosaminoglycans, Hyaluronoglucosaminidase, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestine, Small, Male, Materials Testing, Papio, Partial Thromboplastin Time, Polysaccharide-Lyases, Prothrombin Time, Thromboplastin, Heparin Lyase, Sus scrofa

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