Decellularized xenografts in regenerative medicine: From processing to clinical application
Open accessAbstract
Decellularized xenografts are an inherent component of regenerative medicine. Their preserved structure, mechanical integrity and biofunctional composition have well established them in reparative medicine for a diverse range of clinical indications. Nonetheless, their performance is highly influenced by their source (ie species, age, tissue) and processing (ie decellularization, crosslinking, sterilization and preservation), which govern their final characteristics and determine their success or failure for a specific clinical target. In this review, we provide an overview of the different sources and processing methods used in decellularized xenografts fabrication and discuss their effect on the clinical performance of commercially available decellularized xenografts.
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Crosslinkers cause lower degradability, lower cytocompatibility, and higher inflammation.
“this is at the cost of lower degradability, lower cytocompatibility, and higher inflammation [185,194,195].”
From Immune Response to Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffolds: A Comprehensive Review (2025) · cites this paper as [185]
The use of ECM scaffolds in risk of infection scenarios is still an unclear option.
“On the other hand, the use of ECM scaffolds in risk of infection scenarios is still an unclear option [62,96,185,199]”
From Immune Response to Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffolds: A Comprehensive Review (2025) · cites this paper as [185]
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Biomedical Application of Decellularized Scaffolds
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“Nonetheless, the poor mechanical properties of ECM biomaterials are an intrinsic limitation, particularly in load-bearing or challenging clinical scenarios [185].”
InfluentialSelf-citation
- Authors
- Capella‐Monsonís, H., & Zeugolis, D. I.
- Affiliations
- Science Foundation Ireland (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Zeugolis, Dimitrios I.
- Venue
- Xenotransplantation
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-03-12
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e12683-e12683
- ISSN
- 0908-665X (ISSN-L)
- 1399-3089
- OpenAlex
- W3135433595
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Xenotransplantation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- H2020 European Research Council (866126)
- Science Foundation Ireland (13/RC/2073, 15/CDA/3629, 19/FFP/6982)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Xenotransplantation and immune response
- Keywords
- decellularization, crosslinking, sterilization, tissue preservation, tissue source, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering scaffolds, clinical performance
- MeSH terms
- Extracellular Matrix, Transplantation, Heterologous, Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Scaffolds, Heterografts
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