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Age differences in executive functioning across the lifespan: The role of verbalization in task preparation
Open accessAbstract
Age-related changes in executive functioning across the lifespan were assessed in children (mean age=9.4 years), younger adults (mean age=21.5 years), and older adults (mean age=65.3 years). Executive functioning was investigated with a task-switching paradigm that permits the separation of two control components: to select and to switch between task sets. The specific aims of this study were (a) to determine developmental functions in both control components across the lifespan; and (b) to examine whether age-related changes in these components are influenced by verbal prompts during task preparation. The results revealed an inverted u-shaped developmental function for the ability to select between task sets but not for the ability to switch between task sets. In contrast to younger adults and children, older adults generally benefited from verbalizations during task preparation. Children, but not older adults, showed a facilitation of task execution when verbal prompts were task-compatible. Conversely, older adults, but not children, showed stronger interference when verbal prompts are task-incompatible. Our findings suggest that inner speech in an important modulator of developmental changes in executive functioning across the lifespan.
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ResultDevelopment of a screener for the behavioral assessment of executive functions in children
García-Barrera, M. A. (2008)
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Kuhn, L. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/pbeh-2z77
Coburn, A. (2019) · doi:10.17760/d20335165
“The reason the findings are not being generalized to a wider audience are due to the inverted u-shaped age function found in research of executive control components across the lifespan (Kray, Eber, & Lindenberger, 2004)[28].”
BackgroundPeng, A. C. C. (2019) · Birkbeck Institutional Research Online (BiRO) - Theses · doi:10.18743/pub.00040392
Metadata
- Authors
- Kray, J., Eber, J., & Lindenberger, U.
- Affiliations
- Saarland University (DE)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kray, Jutta
- Venue
- Acta Psychologica
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 143-165
- ISSN
- 0001-6918 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2102033360
- Cited by
- 215
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 5.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Acta Psychologica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- executive function, age differences, lifespan development, task switching, verbal prompts, verbalization, inner speech, older adults, children
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Child, Cues, Female, Humans, Human Development, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Verbal Behavior
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