CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 215Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesCognitive Functions and MemoryCognitive Abilities and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Age differences in executive functioning across the lifespan: The role of verbalization in task preparation

Open access
Kray, Jutta, Eber, Jutta, Lindenberger, Ulman·2004·Acta Psychologica
DOI 10.1016/j.actpsy.2003.12.001
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Age-related changes in executive functioning across the lifespan were assessed in children (mean age=9.4 years), younger adults (mean age=21.5 years), and older adults (mean age=65.3 years). Executive functioning was investigated with a task-switching paradigm that permits the separation of two control components: to select and to switch between task sets. The specific aims of this study were (a) to determine developmental functions in both control components across the lifespan; and (b) to examine whether age-related changes in these components are influenced by verbal prompts during task preparation. The results revealed an inverted u-shaped developmental function for the ability to select between task sets but not for the ability to switch between task sets. In contrast to younger adults and children, older adults generally benefited from verbalizations during task preparation. Children, but not older adults, showed a facilitation of task execution when verbal prompts were task-compatible. Conversely, older adults, but not children, showed stronger interference when verbal prompts are task-incompatible. Our findings suggest that inner speech in an important modulator of developmental changes in executive functioning across the lifespan.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.actpsy.2003.12.001

Cites

54 of 54 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 55 references

1 of the 55 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Li, S.-C., Lindenberger, U., Hommel, B., Aschersleben, G., Prinz, W., & Baltes, P. B. (in press). Lifespan transformations in the couplings between intellectual abilities and constituent cognitive processes. Psychological Science

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 215

Related

Metadata

Authors
Kray, J., Eber, J., & Lindenberger, U.
Affiliations
  • Saarland University (DE)
  • Max Planck Society (DE)
Corresponding author
Kray, Jutta
ORCID
Venue
Acta Psychologica
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-02
Volume
115
Issue
2-3
Pages
143-165
ISSN
0001-6918 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.actpsy.2003.12.001
OpenAlex
W2102033360
Cited by
215
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
FWCI
5.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Acta Psychologica (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
  • Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords
executive function, age differences, lifespan development, task switching, verbal prompts, verbalization, inner speech, older adults, children
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Child, Cues, Female, Humans, Human Development, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Verbal Behavior

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review