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Cited by 28Gambling Behavior and TreatmentsSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesImpact of Technology on Adolescents

Problem gambling and internalising symptoms: A longitudinal analysis of common and specific social environmental protective factors

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Scholes-Balog, Kirsty E., Hemphill, Sheryl A., Toumbourou, John W., Dowling, Nicki A.·2015·Addictive Behaviors
DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.03.011
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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Comorbidity between problem gambling and internalising disorders (anxiety and depression) has long been recognised. However, it is not clear how these relationships develop, and what factors can foster resilience to both conditions. The current study draws on longitudinal cohort data to investigate: 1) the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between problem gambling and internalising symptoms; 2) whether there are common and/or specific social environmental factors protective against both internalising symptoms and problem gambling in young adulthood; and 3) interactive protective factors (i.e., those that moderate the relationship between problem gambling and internalising symptoms). METHODS: A sample of 2248 young adults (55% female) completed a survey in 2010 (T1) and 2012 (T2) which assessed problem gambling (measured via two items based on established measures), internalising symptoms, and social environmental protective factors. RESULTS: A positive cross-sectional relationship between problem gambling and internalising symptoms was found; however, there was no statistically significant longitudinal relationship between the two conditions. Protective factors for internalising symptoms were observed within the domains of the community, family and peer group; however, there were no statistically significant protective factors identified for problem gambling. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that the social environmental protective factors for adult internalising symptoms assessed in the present study are poor longitudinal predictors of young adult problem gambling. Given the lack of common protective factors, it may be necessary to focus on separate factors to protect against each condition, if we are to address the comorbidity between problem gambling and internalising symptoms.

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  • Scholes-Balog et al. (2015) found that none of the 15 hypothesised protective factors across the individual, relationship, and community domains displayed a significant association with subsequent problem gambling in young adults.

    “For example, Scholes-Balog et al. (2015) found that none of the 15 hypothesised protective factors across the individual, relationship, and community domains displayed a significant association with subsequent problem gambling in young adults.”

    From Early risk and protective factors for problem gambling: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies (2017) · cites this paper as Scholes-Balog et al., 2015

  • Scholes-Balog et al. (2015) identified no statistically significant protective factors that buffered the relationship between internalising symptoms and subsequent problem gambling.

    “Moreover, they identified no statistically significant protective factors that buffered the relationship between internalising symptoms and subsequent problem gambling.”

    From Early risk and protective factors for problem gambling: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies (2017) · cites this paper as Scholes-Balog et al., 2015

  • There remains insufficient investigation of protective factors related to problem gambling to determine whether they reflect those for other addictive behaviours.

    “There remains, however, insufficient investigation of protective factors related to problem gambling to determine whether they reflect those for other addictive behaviours (e.g., Scholes-Balog et al., 2015).”

    From Early risk and protective factors for problem gambling: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies (2017) · cites this paper as Scholes-Balog et al., 2015

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Authors
Scholes-Balog, K. E., Hemphill, S. A., Toumbourou, J. W., & Dowling, N. A.
Affiliations
Deakin University (AU)
ORCID
Venue
Addictive Behaviors
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-07
Volume
46
Pages
86-93
ISSN
0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.03.011
OpenAlex
W1998219455
Cited by
28
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
FWCI
4.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
  • Own your potential (DEAKIN) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA012140)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Keywords
problem gambling, internalizing problems, anxiety, depression, young adults, comorbidities, resilience, family and peer support, community, moderation
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Gambling, Humans, Internal-External Control, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Social Environment, Victoria, Young Adult

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