Age-specific risk of substance use disorders associated with controlled medication use and misuse subtypes in the United States
Open accessAbstract
Objective To examine the age-specific risk of past-year substance use disorders (SUDs) associated with use and misuse of prescription opioids, stimulants, sedatives and tranquilizers.Methods The authors analyzed nationally representative data from 114,043 U.S. individuals aged 12 and older in the 2015-2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. For each controlled medication class, logistic regression was used to model any past-year SUD as a function of use pattern: no use or misuse, use without misuse, prescription drug misuse (PDM). Among individuals reporting PDM, logistic regression was used to model any past-year SUD as a function of PDM subtype (misuse of someone else's medication only, misuse of one's own medication only, and misuse of one's own and someone else's medication). Analyses were stratified by age group.Results Controlled medication use was associated with higher odds of any past-year SUD compared to no use in many age groups and medication classes. Compared to non-use, PDM was associated with higher odds of any past-year SUD across virtually all age groups and medication classes. Compared to misuse of one's own medication only, misuse of both someone else's and one's own medication was associated with higher odds of any past-year SUD for many age groups and medication classes among individuals reporting PDM.Conclusions Clinicians should screen all controlled medication users for PDM and SUDs. Age-specific screening may be required due to heterogeneity in the prevalence and risks of use and misuse of different medications. Determination of PDM subtype can guide interventions to prevent SUDs.
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Substance use and SUDs tend to increase in adolescence and peak in young adulthood.
“Our findings are in line with a large body of research showing substance use and SUDs tend to increase in adolescence and peak in young adulthood (McCabe et al., 2019, Patrick et al., 2023)”
From The substance use disorder treatment gap among US college students: Findings from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2024) · cites this paper as McCabe et al., 2019
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Self-citation
- Authors
- McCabe, S. E., Wilens, T. E., Boyd, C. J., Chua, K.-P., Voepel-Lewis, T., & Schepis, T. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Texas State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McCabe, Sean Esteban
- Venue
- Addictive Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 90
- Pages
- 285-293
- ISSN
- 0306-4603 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6434705
- OpenAlex
- W2901899640
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 6.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health (R01DA031160, R01DA036541, R01DA042146, R01DA043691, R01DA044245)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Keywords
- substance use disorders, prescription drug misuse, controlled medications, prescription opioids, stimulants, age-specific risk, screening, National Survey on Drug Use and Health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, United States, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult, Prescription Drug Misuse
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