The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
People Are Not Becoming 'AIholic': Questioning the 'ChatGPT Addiction' Construct
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“At the same time, scholars caution against labeling frequent technology use as 'addiction,' noting that existing scales draw on substanceabuse models and that high engagement is not harmful unless it causes distress or impairment [38, 145, 150].”
From Understanding Teen Overreliance on AI Companion Chatbots Through Self-Reported Reddit Narratives (2026) · cites this paper as [38]
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“Research showed that users often depend on these tools for everyday tasks such as planning, decision support, and managing stress [38].”
From Understanding Teen Overreliance on AI Companion Chatbots Through Self-Reported Reddit Narratives (2026) · cites this paper as [38]
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“Yet research on problematic chatbot engagement focuses largely on adults and offers mixed findings about harm [38, 97, 99, 112, 145].”
From Understanding Teen Overreliance on AI Companion Chatbots Through Self-Reported Reddit Narratives (2026) · cites this paper as [38]
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Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000160 · Cited by 2,095 · cited 1×
“First, Hu et al. (2023) developed the Problematic Use of Conversa-tional Artificial Intelligence scale (PUCAI-6) adapted from an existing problematic social media use measure (Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Andreassen et al., 2016).”
Self-citationAre we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research
Billieux, J., Schimmenti, A., Khazaal, Y., Maurage, P., & Heeren, A. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.4.2015.009 · Cited by 920
Self-citationHow can we conceptualize behavioural addiction without pathologizing common behaviours?
Kardefelt‐Winther, D., Heeren, A., Schimmenti, A., van Rooij, A., Maurage, P., Carras, M., Edman, J., Blaszczynski, A., Khazaal, Y., & Billieux, J. (2017) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13763 · Cited by 780
Self-citationHu, B., Mao, Y., & Kim, K. J. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107760 · Cited by 228
Facebook Addiction: Concerns, Criticism, and Recommendations—A Response to Andreassen and Colleagues
Griffiths, M. D. (2012) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/01.07.18.pr0.110.2.518-520 · Cited by 224
Xie, T., & Pentina, I. (2022) · Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · doi:10.24251/hicss.2022.258 · Cited by 219
Huang, S., Lai, X., Ke, L., Li, Y., Wang, H., Zhao, X., Dai, X., & Wang, Y. (2024) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s440889 · Cited by 196
Billieux, J., King, D. L., Higuchi, S., Achab, S., Bowden-Jones, H., Hao, W., Long, J., Lee, H. K., Potenza, M. N., Saunders, J. B., et al. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.6.2017.036 · Cited by 190
Self-citationExploring the mechanism of social media addiction: an empirical study from WeChat users
Cao, X., Gong, M., Yu, L., & Dai, B. (2020) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-08-2019-0347 · Cited by 158
The Development and Validation of an Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Dependence Scale
Zhang, X., Yin, M., Zhang, M., Li, Z., & Li, H. (2025) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2024.0240 · Cited by 52
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Understanding Teen Overreliance on AI Companion Chatbots Through Self-Reported Reddit Narratives
Namvarpour, M. (., Brofsky, B., Medina, J. Y., Akter, M., & Razi, A. (2026) · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790597 · Cited by 24
A scoping review on the mental health harms of LLM-based chatbots
Diel, A., Torous, J., Cuijpers, P., Kleesiek, J., Nensa, F., Weber, N., Faust, F., Lalgi, T. J., Mellis, F. S., Teufel, M., et al. (2026) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-026-03054-x · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Ciudad-Fernández, V., von Hammerstein, C., & Billieux, J.
- ORCID
- Billieux, Joël
- Venue
- Addictive Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2025-07
- Volume
- 166
- Pages
- 108325
- ISSN
- 0306-4603
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 10
- Language
- en
- Licence
- Funders
- Spain Ministry of Science and Innovation (FPU21/00527)
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