Cited by 400Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21): Factor structure in a young adolescent sample

Szabó, Marianna·2010·Journal of Adolescence

DOI 10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.05.014

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This study explored the factor structure of the short form of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995b) in a young adolescent sample. A group of 484 high school students ( Mean age = 13.62 years, Min = 11.83, Max = 15.67 years, 52 % boys) completed the DASS‐21. Several models were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A model consistent with the factor structure of the adult DASS, with correlated error terms, provided good fit to the data. However, correlations among the factors were very high. A ‘quadripartite’ model involving a common ‘Negative Affect’ factor as well as the three specific factors of Depression, Anxiety and Tension/Stress was tested to explain these correlations and was supported by the data. This model suggests that the core symptoms of Depression and Anxiety are similar in adults and adolescents, but the conceptualisation and assessment of Tension/Stress in adolescents needs further refinement.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.05.014

Cites

36 of 36 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories.
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u · Cited by 14,523
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)
American Psychiatric Association (2000) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349 · Cited by 11,069
Untitled work
(1995) · Cited by 6,909
The short‐form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non‐clinical sample
Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2005) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466505x29657 · Cited by 5,801
Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety stress scales in clinical groups and a community sample.
Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Swinson, R. P. (1998) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176 · Cited by 4,874
Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming, Third Edition
Byrne, B. M. (2016) · doi:10.4324/9781315757421 · Cited by 4,653
Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.3.316 · Cited by 4,601
Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood: Emerging gender differences in a 10-year longitudinal study
Hankin, B. L., Abramson, L. Y., Moffitt, T. E., Silva, P. A., McGee, R., & Angell, K. E. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.107.1.128 · Cited by 2,333
Stress Without Distress.
Selye, H. (1974) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-81-5-716_1 · Cited by 2,221

Show all 34 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

Beurs E., 2001, The DASS: a questionnaire for the measurement of depression, anxiety, and stress, Gedragstherapie, 34, 35
10.1037/0022-006X.66.3.461 · DOI
Szabó M., 2000, Poster presented at the XXXth Congress of the European Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies
10.1037/0021-843X.104.1.15 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 398

Is Overparenting Associated with Adolescent/Young Adult Emotional Functioning and Clinical Outcomes Following Concussion?
Trbovich, A. M., Preszler, J. R., Emami, K., Cohen, P. E., Eagle, S. R., Collins, M. W., & Kontos, A. P. (2021) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-021-01204-8 · Cited by 11
Childhood emotional abuse, rejection sensitivity, and depression symptoms in young Chinese gay and bisexual men: Testing a moderated mediation model
Xu, W., Wu, S., & Tang, W. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.007 · Cited by 11
Measuring occurrences of self and other discriminations in relation to mental health in adolescent textual responses
Moran, O., & McHugh, L. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.01.010 · Cited by 10
Prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposures and the risk of anxiety symptoms in young adulthood: A population-based cohort study
Duko, B., Pereira, G. F., Tait, R. J., Betts, K. S., Newnham, J. P., & Alati, R. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114466 · Cited by 10
Relations of Adolescent Knowledge of COVID-19, Social Media Engagement, and Experiences During Quarantine/Lockdown with Well-Being
Mousavi, S. Z., Barry, C. T., & Halter, B. M. (2022) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-022-02465-0 · Cited by 12
Multimodal assessment of circadian sleep health in predicting mental health outcomes in adolescents
Duraccio, K. M., Kamhout, S., Wright, I. D., Rugh, K. E., Miskin, J., & Amdal, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Sleep · doi:10.3389/frsle.2023.1177878 · Cited by 11
Validating Constructs of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 and Exploring Health Indicators to Predict the Psychological Outcomes of Students Enrolled in the Pacific Islands Cohort of College Students
Kim, R. H., Paulino, Y. C., & Kawabata, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21040509 · Cited by 10
Stress and coping among student teachers at a South African university: An exploratory study
Draper-Clarke, L., & Edwards, D. J. A. (2016) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2016.1250425 · Cited by 10
Mathematics anxiety among prospective elementary school teachers and their treatment
Daharnis, D., Nirwana, H., Ifdil, I., Afdal, A., Ardi, Z., Taufik, T., Erlamsyah, E., Alizamar, A., Fadli, R. P., Erwinda, L., et al. (2019) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1157/4/042089 · Cited by 10
Quality of Life in Hungarian Parents of Autistic Individuals
Molnar-Varga, M., Győri, M., Eapen, V., Borsos, Z., Havasi, A., Jakab, Z., Janoch, L., Németh, V., Őszi, T., Szekeres, Á., et al. (2024) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06243-3 · Cited by 15
Effect of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of pre-medical students of Maharashtra
Khetan, M. S., Vaishnao, L. S., & Kewalramani, M. S. (2020) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203917 · Cited by 9
The depression anxiety and stress Scales-21: Bifactor statistical indices in support of the total and depression scores
Mihić, L., Volarov, M., Oljača, M., & Novović, Z. (2020) · Psihologija · doi:10.2298/psi191227025m · Cited by 9
Psychometric properties of the Porto Saudade Scale
Neto, F. F. M. (2021) · Measurement Instruments for the Social Sciences · doi:10.1186/s42409-021-00022-x · Cited by 9
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Bergen Work Addiction Scale
Nazlıgül, M. D., Arcan, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00572-5 · Cited by 9
Child’s Challenging Behaviour Scale, Version 2 (CCBS–2): Psychometric Evaluation With Young Children
Bourke‐Taylor, H. M., Pallant, J., & Cordier, R. (2017) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2017.021733 · Cited by 9
Establishing Content and Face Validity of a Developed Educational Module: Life Skill-Based Education for Improving Emotional Health and Coping Mechanisms among Adolescents in Malaysian Orphanages
Mohammadzadeh, M., Awang, H., Ismail, S., & Shahar, H. K. (2017) · Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia) · Cited by 9
Can a Multilevel STI/HIV Prevention Strategy for High Risk African American Adolescents Improve Life Satisfaction?
Zullig, K. J., Valois, R. F., Hobbs, G. R., Kerr, J., Römer, D., Carey, M. P., Brown, L. K., DiClemente, R. J., & Vanable, P. A. (2019) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-019-00084-z · Cited by 9
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A SHORT COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL GROUP INTERVENTION ON DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CORONARY HEART DISEASE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRAIL
Bayazi, M. H., Ahadi, H., Fata, L., & Hashem, D. S. S. (2012) · Cited by 9
Exploring the associations of perceived physical literacy with depression, anxiety, and stress among Spanish adolescents
Pastor-Cisneros, R., López‐Gil, J. F., Carl, J., Adsuar, J. C., & Mendoza-Muñoz, M. (2025) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2025.101948 · Cited by 13
The impact of psychological well-being and ill-being on academic performance: a longitudinal and cross-sectional study
Tape, N., Branson, V., Dry, M. J., & Turnbull, D. A. (2021) · The Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1080/20590776.2021.1986356 · Cited by 13
Sleep Disturbances in Adolescents With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Latzer, I. T., Tauman, R., Senderowich, N., Markovitz, R., Zipori, A. B., Klein, A., Meirson, H., Fattal‐Valevski, A., & Hausman‐Kedem, M. (2023) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.02.006 · Cited by 8
Graded Response Model Analysis and Computer Adaptive Test Simulation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21: Evaluation and Validation Study
Kraska, J., Bell, K., & Costello, S. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/45334 · Cited by 7
Dimensions of general psychological distress and age as the predictors of procrastination in university students
Safiye, T., & Vukčević, B. (2020) · Psiholoska istrazivanja · doi:10.5937/psistra23-27810 · Cited by 8
A pilot study of the depression, anxiety and stress in Greek military personnel during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic
Κωτούλας, Α., Karamanavis, D., Lambrou, G. Ι., & Karanikas, P. (2021) · BMJ Military Health · doi:10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-001874 · Cited by 8
Assessing Spiritual Crises
Bronn, G., & McIlwain, D. J. F. (2014) · Journal of Humanistic Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022167814528045 · Cited by 10
The effects of overparenting on depression, anxiety, and stress in adolescents: moderating effects of school connectedness and gender differences
Luo, X., Ren, M., Han, X., Wu, M., Jiang, N., Wang, Y., & Xia, Y. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06242-8 · Cited by 7
The mediation role of hope in the relationship of resilience with depression, anxiety, and stress in caregivers of children and adolescents with cancer
Rambod, M., Nassabeh, F., Salmanpour, M., & Pasyar, N. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-65922-4 · Cited by 11
Validation of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) among healthcare workers during the outbreak of delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Ghana
Marfoh, K., Samba, A., Okyere, E., Kushigbor, P., & Acheampong, F. (2023) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.130447.1 · Cited by 8
The Perceived Weight Stigma Scale and Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire: Rasch analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and network analysis among Chinese adolescents
Ahorsu, D. K., Chen, C., Chen, I., Pakpour, A. H., Bevan, N., Chen, J., Wang, X. L., Ko, P.-J., Griffiths, M. D., & Lin, C.-Y. (2024) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2024.08.016 · Cited by 7
The prospective association between illicit drug use and nonprescription opioid use among vulnerable adolescents
Pike, J. R., Fadardi, J. S., Stacy, A. W., & Xie, B. (2020) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106383 · Cited by 7
The Effect of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Cardiac Chest Pain Management Training on Perceived Control, Depression, Stress and Anxiety in the Spouses of the Patients with Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Afrasiabi, F., Molazem, Z., Mani, A., & Abdi‐Ardekani, A. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.30476/ijcbnm.2020.81315.0 · Cited by 7
The Impact of Family Bereavement Interventions: Qualitative Feedback Identifies Needs
Henning, E., Germann, J. N., Holder, N. D., Nakonezny, P. A., Loftin, S., Redondo-Doan, B., Jones, L., Petty, L., Pratt, C. D., Saenz, M. G., et al. (2021) · Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1037/cpp0000416 · Cited by 7
Association between Childhood Trauma, Mental Health Symptoms and Adherence Among Youth Living with HIV in Botswana
Molebatsi, K., Ntlantsana, V., Brooks, M. J., & Seloilwe, E. (2024) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-024-00658-x · Cited by 6
Translation and validation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales for menopausal women in Indonesia
Susanti, H. D., Sonko, I., & Chung, M. (2022) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697137.2022.2052839 · Cited by 6
Testing anxiety and reward processing in anorexia nervosa as predictors of longitudinal clinical outcomes
Derissen, M., Majid, D. S. A., Tadayonnejad, R., Seiger, R., Strober, M. A., & Feusner, J. D. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.09.004 · Cited by 7
Dependability and Usability of the DASS-21 as a Progress-Monitoring Tool for Youth
Dwight, A. R., Briesch, A. M., Hoffman, J. A., & Rutt, C. (2024) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/07342829241227758 · Cited by 6
Psychometric adaptation of the Spanish version of the Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in adolescents
Sancho-Domingo, C., Carballo, J. L., Coloma‐Carmona, A., & Buysse, D. J. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsae046 · Cited by 7
The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale: Features and applications
Gillies, J. C. P., & Dozois, D. J. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817933-8.00025-6 · Cited by 6
Depression predicts emotion acceptance beliefs in early adolescence: A longitudinal investigation
Harvey, L. J., White, F. A., & McAulay, C. (2021) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12311 · Cited by 6
Disordered Eating Behaviors in Young Individuals With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Latzer, I. T., Senderowich, N., Fattal‐Valevski, A., Mitelpunkt, A., Uliel‐Sibony, S., & Hausman‐Kedem, M. (2021) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.08.006 · Cited by 6
Demographic and Psychosocial Factors associated with Internet Addiction among the Pakistani Population during COVID-19: A Web-Based Survey
Lakhdir, M. P. A., Hameed, A. N., Hasnani, F. B., Angez, M., Nawaz, M. T., Khan, M. M. H., Peerwani, G., Nathwani, A. A., & Azam, S. I. (2022) · INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing · doi:10.1177/00469580221138671 · Cited by 10
Mindfulness in the Sport Academy Classroom: Exploring Benefits and Barriers of a Low-Dose Intervention
Augustus, A. N., & Zizzi, S. J. (2022) · Contemporary School Psychology · doi:10.1007/s40688-022-00444-2 · Cited by 9
An intersectional examination of the impact of COVID-stress and discrimination on college students’ resilience and mental health
Reigada, L. C., Farnaz Kaighobadi, A., Niwa, E. Y., Ahmed, T., Carlson, D. J., & Shane, J. (2023) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2023.2249104 · Cited by 6
Sleep disruption in adolescent inpatients: prevalence, associations with clinical outcomes, and clinician perspectives
Johnsen, L., Bird, J. C., Salkovskis, P. M., James, A. C., Stratford, H. J., & Sheaves, B. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14056 · Cited by 6
The role of negative affect in the persistence of nicotine dependence among alternative high school students: A latent growth curve analysis
Miller, S. M., Pike, J. R., Shono, Y., Beleva, Y., Xie, B., & Stacy, A. W. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107883 · Cited by 6
Associations of maternal and paternal mental health problems with offspring anxiety at age 20 years: Findings from a population-based prospective cohort study
Ayano, G., Betts, K. S., Lin, A. P., Tait, R. J., & Alati, R. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113781 · Cited by 5
Before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Physical Fitness Association with Mental Health among Higher Education Students: A Multi-Group Analysis Model
Elshaer, I. A., & Zayed, M. A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192215393 · Cited by 5
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Academic Medicine Faculty in Kazakhstan: A Cross-sectional Study
Uristemova, ⁠., Myssayev, A., Meirmanov, S. K., Migina, L., Pak, L. A., & Baibussinova, A. Z. (2023) · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.2.2932 · Cited by 5
A comprehensive evaluation of the neurocognitive predictors of problematic alcohol use, eating, pornography, and internet use: A 6-month longitudinal study
Christensen, E., Albertella, L., Chamberlain, S. R., Suo, C., Brydevall, M., Grant, J. E., Yücel, M., & Lee, R. S. C. (2024) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2024.00041 · Cited by 6
Introducing the Copyright Anxiety Scale
Wakaruk, A., Gareau-Brennan, C., & Pietrosanu, M. (2021) · Journal of Copyright in Education & Librarianship · doi:10.17161/jcel.v5i1.15212 · Cited by 8
Factors Predicting Trial Engagement, Treatment Satisfaction, and Health-Related Quality of Life During a Web-Based Treatment and Social Networking Trial for Binge Drinking and Depression in Young Adults: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Sanatkar, S., Heinsch, M., Baldwin, P. A., Rubin, M., Geddes, J., Hunt, S., Baker, A., Woodcock, K., Lewin, T. J., Brady, K. T., et al. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/23986 · Cited by 5
LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN PSİKOLOJİK BELİRTİ VE ÖZ ŞEFKAT DÜZEYLERİNİN OKUL TÜKENMİŞLİĞİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ
DİNÇBAŞ, İ., Gökkaya, F., & Çıvgın, U. (2022) · Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.21550/sosbilder.1163818 · Cited by 5
Does Interaction between Sleep Quality and Major Dietary Patterns Predicts Depression among Overweight and Obese Women in Iran?
Doglikuu, B. D., Djazayery, A., Mirzababaei, A., Sajjadi, S. F., Badruj, N., & Mirzaei, K. (2021) · Iranian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.18502/ijph.v50i7.6635 · Cited by 6
Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the depression anxiety stress scale for youth (DASS-Y) in psychiatric and non-psychiatric samples
Akçay, E., Çevirici, A. D., Senel, M. Y., Aydoğmuş, Y. E., Çevirici, T., Dinç, G. Ş., & Çöp, E. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03656-2 · Cited by 5
Psychometric validation of the Czech version of DASS-21 in postpartum women
Lochmannová, A., & Martin, C. R. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08700-3 · Cited by 4
Validation and Reliability of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale for Youth (DASS-Y) Indonesian Version
Kurnianto, A., Dhamayanti, M., Tarigan, R., Fadlyana, E., Rusmil, K., Sitaresmi, M. N., & Sari, D. M. (2025) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s578397 · Cited by 4
Relajación de jacobson para disminuir la ansiedad originada por evaluaciones e incremento del rendimiento académico en estudiantes de psicología de una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana
Wiener, U. P. N., & Toro, M. T. (2019) · Avances en Psicología · doi:10.33539/avpsicol.2019.v27n2.1795 · Cited by 7
Investigating the role of action-contingent expectancy biases in dysphoria-linked activity engagement behavioural choice
Ji, J. L., & MacLeod, C. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104353 · Cited by 4
Confirmatory factor analysis of the DASS-10 with Black adolescents
Goodwin, A. K. B., & Knox, J. L. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100735 · Cited by 4
Study protocol of a proposed Neurofeedback-Assisted Mindfulness Training Program on symptoms of anxiety and psychological distress associated with smartphone use in young adults: a randomized controlled trial
Crespo, M. F., Recio-Rodriguez, J. I., Lee, H., Alonso‐Domínguez, R., Montejo, A. L., Hernandez-Gonzalez, L., Sierra, V. I., & Galve, M. I. R. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1410932 · Cited by 9
Intolerance of Uncertainty and Neuroticism: Transdiagnostic Vulnerabilities and War-Related Safety Preparatory Behavior
Kotta, I., Dézsi-Benyovszki, A., Kálcza-Jánosi, K., Marschalkó, E. E., & Kanyaró, K. (2024) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2024.2407086 · Cited by 5
The Role of Perceived Stress, Social Support and Body Image in Predicting the Severity of Depressive Symptoms in Ostomy Patients
Moradi, S., Lotfei, M., Farid, A. A. A., & Pirmoradi, M. (2020) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.32598/ijpcp.26.1.3020.1 · Cited by 4
Covid-19 consecuencias y desafíos en la economía colombiana. Una mirada desde las universidades
Espinosa, A. E., Riascos, Á. J., Álvarez, A., Gallegos, A., Suaza, A. G., Molano, A., Zambrano, A., Lessing, B., Fragozo, C. Q., Diartt, C., et al. (2022) · Editorial Universidad del Rosario eBooks · doi:10.12804/urosario9789587848496 · Cited by 4
Preventing Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: A Pilot Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Tang, X., Jia, S., Zhuang, X., & Wong, D. F. K. (2023) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315231189179 · Cited by 4
Are you more impulsive with age? Examining age, marital status, and gender on cognitive ageing
MacKinnon-Lee, K.-A., & Bahr, M. (2022) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2022.2029741 · Cited by 4
Creating socially inclusive communities : a multi-method study evaluating the relations between social capital, biopsychosocial constructs, and economic outcomes in disadvantaged settings
Magson, N. R. (2013) · Cited by 4
Development and Preliminary Validation of the Threat Appraisal Questionnaire for Children (TAQ-C)
Francis, R., Hawes, D. J., Abbott, M. J., & Costa, D. S. J. (2016) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-016-9584-4 · Cited by 4
ADIPOQ gene is linked to emotional eating behaviour in young Nigerian adults independent of psychological traits
Awofala, A. A., Ogundele, O. E., & Adekoya, K. O. (2020) · Bulletin of the National Research Centre/Bulletin of the National Research Center · doi:10.1186/s42269-020-00450-5 · Cited by 4
Fear of COVID-19, Internet Addiction, Learning Burnout, and Psychological Health On Teenagers in China at Post-Pandemic Era: A Serial Mediation ModelPreprint
Hu, R., Ye, M., Lai, B., Fen, L., Yang, M., Yuan, J., & Tao, Q. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-955207/v1 · Cited by 4
Dimensionalidad de la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21): Un Estudio en Trabajadores Chilenos
Güilgüiruca, M., Quiñones, M., & Zúñiga, C. (2023) · Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación - e Avaliação Psicológica · doi:10.21865/ridep70.4.03 · Cited by 3
Gender Minority Stressors, Hopelessness, and Their Associations with Internalizing and Externalizing Mental Health Outcomes in a Hungarian Trans Adult Sample
Ünsal, B. C., Demetrovics, Z., & Reinhardt, M. (2025) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-025-03147-w · Cited by 4
Structural validity of the DASS-21 during pandemic-induced psychological distress
Bajre, P. K. (2025) · Discover Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s44192-025-00349-5 · Cited by 3
Research protocol for BootStRaP assessment phase: A nine-nation study on boosting societal adaptation and mental health in a rapidly digitalising, post-pandemic Europe
Fineberg, N. A., Brandtner, A., Löchner, N., Kannen, C., Smith, M., Foster, S., Meinke, A., Mosler, K., Fine, S., Carmi, L., et al. (2025) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152653 · Cited by 3
Coping with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study on young Australians' anxiety and depression symptoms from 2020–2021
Orozco, A. L., Thomas, A. J., Raggatt, M. H., Scott, N., Eddy, S., Douglass, C. H., Wright, C. C. J., Spelman, T. D., & Lim, M. S. C. (2024) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-024-01397-z · Cited by 3
Model of mental health in adolescents who experienced a mega wildfire: Protective and risk factors
Mellado, C. (2024) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12777 · Cited by 3
Displayed Depression Symptoms on Facebook at Two Time Points: Content Analysis
Moreno, M. A., Gaus, Q., Wilt, M., Arseniev‐Koehler, A., Ton, A., Adrian, M. C., & VanderStoep, A. (2021) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/20179 · Cited by 3
The Will-to-Live Scale: Validity and Reliability Among Portuguese Adolescents
Neto, J., da Costa, M. P., Neto, F. F. M., & Carmel, S. (2021) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440211054091 · Cited by 3
Reinforcement-based responsiveness, depression, and anhedonia: A multi-method investigation of intergenerational risk
Saulnier, K. G., Marr, N. S., van Geen, C., Babinski, D. E., & Mukherjee, D. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.001 · Cited by 2
Avaliação de ansiedade, estresse e depressão em profissionais de saúde que atuam em ambientes de unidades de terapia intensiva
Bombarda, F., Lima, L. C. D. A., & Júnior, A. C. S. (2024) · Caderno Pedagógico · doi:10.54033/cadpedv21n5-033 · Cited by 4
Zadovoljstvo školom kod učenika srednjih škola: povezanost sa školskim uspehom i indikatorima mentalnog zdravlja
Jov, V. (2011) · Cited by 3
Evaluating the Parent-Adolescent Communication Toolkit: Usability, measure assessment and preliminary content effectiveness
Toombs, E. (2014) · DalSpace (Dalhousie University) · Cited by 3
Thanatophobia and Its Treatment Using Neurolinguistic Programming
Ifdil, I., Zola, N., Putri, Y. E., Zatrahadi, M. F., Darmawati, D., & Ardi, Z. (2019) · Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment · doi:10.1097/adt.0000000000000186 · Cited by 3
When social anxiety and narcissism coincide: an exploration of narcissistic social anxiety subgroups
Williams, J. S. (2016) · Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) · doi:10.25916/sut.26263196 · Cited by 3
Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Satisfaction with Life: Moderating Role of Interpersonal Needs among University StudentsPreprint
Tan, C. C., Khor, K. S., & Ooi, P. B. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-22880/v3 · Cited by 3
A Network Analysis of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents
Hu, Y. Y., Wang, L., Tang, X., Zhang, Q., Qiang, W., & Yang, H. (2025) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000547479 · Cited by 2
Psychometric Analyses of the Italian 8-Item, 9-Item, and 12-Item Versions of the Depression, Stress and Anxiety Scale
Soraci, P., Griffiths, M. D., Fante, E. D., Pisanti, R., Marafioti, G., Servidio, R. C., Chini, E., & Szabó, A. (2025) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/01632787251380550 · Cited by 2
A longitudinal study on problematic smartphone use and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: the mediating role of academic procrastination and anxiety
Bao, L., Zhang, W., Zhao, J., & Geng, J. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03360-1 · Cited by 4
Assessment of reliability and validity of the depression anxiety stress scale questionnaire among 6th, 7th, and 8th standard selected school students in selected schools at Kanyakumari district
Bruce, P., Surekha, Vedapriya, Balan, S., Chavada, V. K., Karnaboopathy, Boratne, A. V., Bobhate, P. S., & Raja, R. (2025) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_820_25 · Cited by 2
The role of yoga in enhancing spiritual and psychological health: Evidence from a large cross-sectional study
Tornóczky, G. J., Nagy, H., Karsai, I., Conceição, A. T., Podstawski, R., & Szabó, A. (2026) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2026.103330 · Cited by 3
Depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents across 30 countries: Cross-national measurement invariance and relationships with subjective well-being
Jovanović, V., Adams, S., Solana, R. A., Aryanto, C. B., Avsec, A., Bakhshi, A., Baldassarre, M., Bender, M., Berjot, S., Zambrano, S. M. B., et al. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121693 · Cited by 2
Brief behavioural activation for prolonged grief disorder: a case series
Karangoda, M. D., Breen, L. J., & Mazzucchelli, T. G. (2021) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1080/13284207.2020.1829942 · Cited by 2
Gait difference between children aged 9 to 12 with and without potential depressive mood
Chan, P. P. K., Chen, C., Ayache, H., Louie, L. H.-T., Lok, A. K. Y., Cheung, N., & Cheung, R. T. H. (2021) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.10.012 · Cited by 2
A jógázó nők mentális és testi egészsége a gyakorlási paraméterekkel összefüggésben
Tornóczky, G. J., Bánhidi, M., Karsai, I., Nagy, H., & Rózsa, S. (2023) · Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika · doi:10.1556/0406.2023.00006 · Cited by 2
Procrastination and Mental Health Status Among Students in Serbia: A CrossSectional Study
(2023) · Journal of Educational & Psychological Research · doi:10.33140/jepr.05.01.07 · Cited by 2
Underage Alcohol Use by Intersectional Identity Among Alternative High School Students
Ormiston, C. K., Pike, J. R., Sabado-Liwag, M., Xie, B., Stacy, A. W., & Williams, F. (2023) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.10.020 · Cited by 2
Generational Immigration Status Modifies the Association Between Psychosocial Distress and Substance Use Among Alternative High School Students
Ormiston, C. K., Pike, J. R., Sabado-Liwag, M., Kwan, P. P., Xie, B., Stacy, A. W., & Williams, F. (2024) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.004 · Cited by 2
Distorted body representation in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa
Bijsterbosch, J. M., Sternheim, L. C., Boelen, P. A., Danner, U. N., van Eikenhorst, C. H., Dijkerman, H. C., & Keizer, A. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104830 · Cited by 2
Mental health of persons with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Faruk, M. O., Siddik, M. A. B., Chowdhury, K. U. A., Bari, N., Hossain, M. S., Noor, S., Alam, M. R., Akter, T., Adams, B., Thikeo, M., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0322218 · Cited by 3
Reversal learning is influenced by cognitive flexibility and develops throughout early adolescence
Bamberg, C., Weigelt, S., & Hagelweide, K. (2025) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-025-00308-3 · Cited by 2
Sleep quality and associated factors among people with asthma at public hospitals in east gojjam zone, North West Ethiopia, 2022
Gete, M., Bitew, M. S., Wondie, T., Bewket, B., Amiha, H., Mulugeta, H., Sahilu, W. T., Adane, B., Tadesse, A., Amlak, B. T., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0323284 · Cited by 2

Authors: Szabó, M.
Affiliations: The University of Sydney (AU)
Corresponding author: Szabó, Marianna
ORCID: Szabó, Marianna
Venue: Journal of Adolescence
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-06-26
Volume: 33
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-8
ISSN: 0140-1971 (ISSN-L)
1095-9254
DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.05.014
OpenAlex: W1990460844
Cited by: 400
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 8.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Adolescence (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: DASS, factor structure, adolescents, depression, anxiety, stress, tension, negative affect, high school students, psychometric validation
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Anxiety, Child, Depression, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Stress, Psychological, Reproducibility of Results

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21): Factor structure in a young adolescent sample

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks