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The short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21): Factor structure in a young adolescent sample
Abstract
This study explored the factor structure of the short form of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995b) in a young adolescent sample. A group of 484 high school students ( Mean age = 13.62 years, Min = 11.83, Max = 15.67 years, 52 % boys) completed the DASS‐21. Several models were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A model consistent with the factor structure of the adult DASS, with correlated error terms, provided good fit to the data. However, correlations among the factors were very high. A ‘quadripartite’ model involving a common ‘Negative Affect’ factor as well as the three specific factors of Depression, Anxiety and Tension/Stress was tested to explain these correlations and was supported by the data. This model suggests that the core symptoms of Depression and Anxiety are similar in adults and adolescents, but the conceptualisation and assessment of Tension/Stress in adolescents needs further refinement.
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“The symptom measure selected has been used and validated in a non-clinical adolescent population [47–49].”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy universal prevention program for adolescents: a feasibility study. (2017) · cites this paper as [48]
In the citing paper
“In an adolescent population, the DASS-21 is reported to have a Cronbach's alpha of .87 for Depression, .79 for Anxiety and .83 for the Stress subscales (Szabó, 2010).”
From A randomized controlled trial of strong minds: A school-based mental health program combining acceptance and commitment therapy and positive psychology (2016) · cites this paper as Szabó, 2010
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Metadata
- Authors
- Szabó, M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Szabó, Marianna
- ORCID
- Szabó, Marianna
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescence
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-06-26
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 0140-1971 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9254
- OpenAlex
- W1990460844
- Cited by
- 400
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 8.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- DASS, factor structure, adolescents, depression, anxiety, stress, tension, negative affect, high school students, psychometric validation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety, Child, Depression, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Stress, Psychological, Reproducibility of Results
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