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Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH4 uptake and water holding capacity – Results from a short-term pilot field study
Abstract
Biochar addition to agricultural soil has been suggested to mitigate climate change through increased biogenic carbon storage and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. We measured the fluxes of N₂O, CO₂, and CH₄ after adding 9tha⁻¹ biochar on an agricultural soil in Southern Finland in May 2009. We conducted these measurements twice a week for 1.5 months, between sowing and canopy closure, to capture the period of highest N₂O emissions, where the potential for mitigation would also be highest. Biochar addition increased CH₄ uptake (96% increase in the average cumulative CH₄ uptake), but no statistically significant differences were observed in the CO₂ and N₂O emissions between the biochar amended and control plots. Added biochar increased soil water holding capacity by 11%. Further studies are needed to clarify whether this may help balance fluctuations in water availability to plants in the future climate with more frequent drought periods.
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“In a field study with Birch (Betula spp.) biochar incorporated into a silt loam soil in Finland, biochar addition increased water-holding capacity by 11% compared to the unamended control (Karhu et al., 2011).”
From Biochar implications for sustainable agriculture and environment: A review (2019) · cites this paper as Karhu et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“However, the effects of biochar addition on CH 4 and N 2 O were inconsistent and have shown variability with crop and soil types, site condition, and the origin of the biochar (Karhu et al., 2011;Kimetu and Lehmann, 2010;Lehmann et al., 2011b;Spokas et al., 2009;Zimmerman et al., 2011).”
From Biochar implications for sustainable agriculture and environment: A review (2019) · cites this paper as Karhu et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“In addition to the beneficial effects of drawing CO 2 from the atmosphere, biochar application was reported to decrease emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O from soils (Cavigelli and Robertson, 2001;Karhu et al., 2011;Liu et al., 2011;Rogovska et al., 2011;Rondon et al., 2006Rondon et al., , 2005;;Zhang et al., 2012a).”
From Biochar implications for sustainable agriculture and environment: A review (2019) · cites this paper as Karhu et al., 2011
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Biochar Source and Application Rate Effects on Soil Water Retention Determined Using Wetting Curves
Brantley, K. E., Brye, K. R., Savin, M. C., & Longer, D. E. (2015) · Open Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.4236/ojss.2015.51001 · Cited by 53
“) biochar added to a silt loam in Finland increased soil water-holding capacity by 11% compared to the unamended control [13].”
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“Keywords: Biochar, life cyle analysis, biofuel, yield improvement”
BackgroundEffect of biochar and liming on soil nitrous oxide emissions from a temperate maize cropping system
Hüppi, R., Felber, R., Neftel, A., Six, J., & Leifeld, J. (2015) · SOIL · doi:10.5194/soil-1-707-2015 · Cited by 55
Short-term effects of biochar amendment on soil microbial community in humid tropics
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“High Cmic/Nmic ratio in controlling soil may suggest unbalanced nutritional condition where microbiota could possibly compete with the crop requirement for nitrogen (Latati et al. 2017), therefore becoming a limiting factor for both parties and affecting plant nutritional need as nitrogen is immobilized.”
BackgroundLiu, H., Li, H., Zhang, A., Rahaman, M. A., & Yang, Z. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137636 · Cited by 51
How does biochar amendment affect soil methane oxidation? A review
Zhao, Q., Wang, Y., Xu, Z. H., & Yu, Z. (2021) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-021-02889-z · Cited by 52
“Water retention in the soil is therefore altered with these soil structural and textural changes (Atkinson et al. 2010; Sohi et al. 2010; Karhu et al. 2011).”
BackgroundEffects of biochar amendments on soil water retention characteristics of red soil at south China
Qian, Z., Tang, L., Zhuang, S., Zou, Y., Fu, D., & Xue, C. (2020) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-020-00068-w · Cited by 55
“Many studies have revealed that biochar can improve soil water storage (Asai et al. 2009; Karhu et al. 2011; Novak et al. 2012).”
BackgroundResultZhu, H. L., Saddler, J. N., & Bi, X. T. (2022) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115723 · Cited by 52
Spatial heterogeneity of soil biochar content affects soil quality and wheat growth and yield
Olmo, M., Lozano, A. M., Barrón, V., & Villar, R. (2016) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.089 · Cited by 52
“Most studies have found this result (Karhu et al., 2011; Baronti et al., 2014), but also it has been found recently that the capacity of BC to increase soil water retention seems to be dependent on the type of BC and its hydrophobic nature (Jeffery et al., 2015).”
BackgroundKelly, C. N., Benjamin, J. G., Calderón, F., Mikha, M. M., Rutherford, D. W., & Rostad, C. E. (2017) · Pedosphere · doi:10.1016/s1002-0160(17)60399-0 · Cited by 53
Kang, S.-W., Kim, S.-H., Park, J., Seo, D.-C., Ok, Y. S., & Cho, J.-S. (2018) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-018-1888-3 · Cited by 52
Chang, R., Yao, Y., Cao, W., Wang, J., Wang, X., & Chen, Q. (2018) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.021 · Cited by 50
Understanding water retention behavior and mechanism in bio-char
Bikbulatova, S., Tahmasebi, A., Zhang, Z., Rish, S. K., & Yu, J. (2017) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.09.025 · Cited by 49
EXPLAINING THE WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY OF BIOCHAR BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE IMAGES
Gondim, R. S., Muniz, C. R., Lima, C. E. P., & SANTOS, C. L. A. D. (2018) · Revista Caatinga · doi:10.1590/1983-21252018v31n420rc · Cited by 51
Shaukat, M. M., Samoy‒Pascual, K., Maas, E. D. V. L., & Ahmad, A. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.07.013 · Cited by 49
Biochar implications in cleaner agricultural production and environmental sustainability
Babu, S., Singh, R., Kumar, S., Rathore, S. S., Yadav, D., Yadav, S. K., Yadav, V., Ansari, M. A., Das, A., Rajanna, G. A., et al. (2023) · Environmental Science Advances · doi:10.1039/d2va00324d · Cited by 52
Soil application of biochar produced from biomass grown on trace element contaminated land
Evangelou, M. W. H., Brem, A., Ugolini, F., Abiven, S., & Schulin, R. (2014) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.046 · Cited by 49
“, 2004), increase soil water retention capacity (Karhu et al., 2011), neutralize soil acidity (Novak et al.”
BackgroundMarzooqi, F. A., & Yousef, L. F. (2017) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.02.012 · Cited by 47
Cao, Y., Shan, Y., Wu, P., Zhang, P., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., & Zhu, T. (2021) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115081 · Cited by 47
Guo, R., Qian, R., Yang, L., Khaliq, A., Han, F., Hussain, S., Zhang, P., Cai, T., Jia, Z., Chen, X., et al. (2022) · Journal of soil science and plant nutrition · doi:10.1007/s42729-022-00881-1 · Cited by 47
Yang, X., Lan, Y., Meng, J., Chen, W., Huang, Y., Cheng, X., He, T., Cao, T., Liu, Z., Jiang, L., et al. (2017) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-017-8500-0 · Cited by 48
“Karhu et al. (2011) measured the fluxes of CH4 after adding 9 t ha−1 biochar on an agricultural soil in Southern Finland and found that biochar additions increased CH4 uptake by 96%.”
BackgroundEffects of Wet Oxidation Process on Biochar Surface in Acid and Alkaline Soil Environments
Fan, Q., Cui, L., Quan, G., Wang, S., Sun, J., Han, X., Wang, J., & Yan, J. (2018) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma11122362 · Cited by 47
Zhang, A., Bian, R., Li, L., Wang, X., Zhao, Y., Hussain, Q., & Pan, G. (2015) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4967-8 · Cited by 45
“On the other hand, application of birch biochar at a low rate of 9 t ha had no effect on N2O emission but increased CH4 uptake in a wheat field from the Southern Finland (Karhu et al. 2011).”
BackgroundAerodynamic Properties of Biochar Particles: Effect of Grinding and Implications
Gao, X., & Wu, H. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/ez400165g · Cited by 47
Effect of biochar application on the physical properties of Haplic Podzol
Pranagal, J., Oleszczuk, P., Tomaszewska-Krojańska, D., Kraska, P., & Różyło, K. (2017) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2017.06.007 · Cited by 47
Ahmad, I. (2024) · Journal of Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1080/01904167.2024.2354190 · Cited by 45
“Similar outcomes were observed in studies by Laird et al. (2010), Karhu et al. (2011), Unger and Killorn (2011), Yuan and Xu (2011), and Prabha et al. (2013).”
The Potential Application of Pyroligneous Acid in the UK Agricultural Industry
Mmojieje, J., & Hornung, A. (2015) · Journal of Crop Improvement · doi:10.1080/15427528.2014.995328 · Cited by 45
Wu, J., Guo, W., Feng, J., Li, L., Yang, H., Wang, X., & Bian, X. (2014) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2014/407832 · Cited by 45
Biochar dose determines methane uptake and methanotroph abundance in Haplic Luvisol
Kubaczyński, A., Walkiewicz, A., Pytlak, A., Grządziel, J., Gałązka, A., & Brzezińska, M. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151259 · Cited by 47
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Ye, Z., Liu, L., Tan, Z., Zhang, L., & Huang, Q. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138006 · Cited by 45
Yang, Y., Ma, S., Zhao, Y., Jing, M., Yongqiang, X., & Chen, J. (2015) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su71013713 · Cited by 45
“Kristiina Karhu mentioned that biochar application could increase WHC by 11% [47].”
BackgroundBiochar-based nursery substrates: The effect of peat substitution on reduced salinity
Lonardo, S. D., Baronti, S., Vaccari, F. P., Albanese, L., Battista, P., Miglietta, F., & Bacci, L. (2017) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2017.02.007 · Cited by 44
Zhu, L.-X., Xiao, Q. H., Cheng, H., Shi, B.-J., Shen, Y., & Li, S. (2017) · Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.04.026 · Cited by 48
PALM KERNEL SHELL BIOCHAR PRODUCTION, CHARACTERISTICS AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL
Kong, S. H. (2019) · Journal of Oil Palm Research · doi:10.21894/jopr.2019.0041 · Cited by 46
Walkiewicz, A., Калиниченко, К. В., Kubaczyński, A., Brzezińska, M., & Bieganowski, A. (2020) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103711 · Cited by 45
Water cost savings from soil biochar amendment: A spatial analysis
Kroeger, J. E., Pourhashem, G., Medlock, K. B., & Masiello, C. A. (2020) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.12765 · Cited by 45
“…(Amoakwah et al., 2017; Baronti et al., 2014; Dugan et al., 2010; Glad et al., 2016; Hansen et al., 2016; Hardie et al., 2014; Kammann et al., 2011; Karhu et al., 2011; Liu, Dugan, et al., 2016; Liu, Wang, et al., 2016; Mangrich et al., 2015; Nelissen et al., 2015; Novak…”
Emami, H., & Astaraei, A. R. (2012) · Cited by 43
Hui, D. (2021) · Agricultural Sciences · doi:10.4236/as.2021.123014 · Cited by 48
Effects of different biochars and digestate on N2O fluxes under field conditions
Dicke, C., Andert, J., Ammon, C., Kern, J., Meyer‐Aurich, A., & Kaupenjohann, M. (2015) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.005 · Cited by 45
Zhang, Y., Lin, F., Wang, X., Zou, J., & Liu, S. (2015) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2015.11.006 · Cited by 44
A Pine Enhanced Biochar Does Not Decrease Enteric CH4 Emissions, but Alters the Rumen Microbiota
Terry, S. A., Ribeiro, G. O., Gruninger, R. J., Chaves, A. V., Beauchemin, K. A., Okine, E. K., & McAllister, T. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00308 · Cited by 50
“Improvements in crop yields and soil fertility (5) as well as decreases in nitrous oxide (N2O) and CH4 from fields have been reported when biochar was included as a soil amendment (6, 7).”
BackgroundWheat Straw Biochar and NPK Fertilization Efficiency in Sandy Soil Reclamation
Bednik, M., Medyńska‐Juraszek, A., Dudek, M., Kloc, S., Kręt, A., Łabaz, B., & Waroszewski, J. (2020) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy10040496 · Cited by 44
“, [30] who pointed that there are two different possibilities: (1) high porosity of biochar and water absorption on particles surface and (2) creation and stabilization of soil structure by the organic amendment.”
BackgroundReverse engineering of biochar
Morales, V. L., Pérez‐Reche, F. J., Hapca, S. M., Hanley, K., Lehmann, J. C., & Zhang, W. (2015) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.043 · Cited by 44
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Basalirwa, D., Sudo, S., Wacal, C., Fuyumi, A., Oo, A. Z., Koyama, S., Sasagawa, D., Yamamoto, S., Masunaga, T., & Nishihara, E. (2019) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2019.104435 · Cited by 44
Huang, B., Huang, Z., Ma, R., Chen, J., Zhang, Z., & Yrjälä, K. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-95899-3 · Cited by 41
Gul-Lalay, Ullah, S., Shah, S., Jamal, A., Saeed, M. F., Mihoub, A., Zia, A., Ahmed, I., Seleiman, M. F., Mancinelli, R., et al. (2024) · Journal of Plant Growth Regulation · doi:10.1007/s00344-023-11219-1 · Cited by 43
“This increase could be due to an improvement in the soil water-holding capacity, as suggested earlier by Karhu et al. (2011).”
Resilience of aerobic methanotrophs in soils; spotlight on the methane sink under agriculture
Lim, J., Wehmeyer, H., Heffner, T., Aeppli, M., Gu, W., Kim, P. J., Horn, M. A., & Ho, A. (2024) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1093/femsec/fiae008 · Cited by 40
“…methane flux may stem from the cropping system, as well as the variable application rate in different studies (9–240 t ha − 1 ; Spokas et al. 2009 , Karhu et al. 2011 , Bamminger et al. 2018 , Zhao et al. 2021 , Kubaczy ´nski et al. 2022 , Xia et al. 2023 ) and the delayed detectable effect…”
BackgroundInfluentialYang, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, J., Li, P., Jia, H., Su, L., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-94784-7 · Cited by 42
Potential use of olive stone biochar as a hydroponic growing medium
Karakaş, C., Özçimen, D. B., & İnan, B. (2017) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2017.05.005 · Cited by 40
Akoto-Danso, E. K., Manka’abusi, D., Steiner, C., Werner, S., Häring, V., Nyarko, G., Marschner, B., Drechsel, P., & Buerkert, A. (2018) · Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10705-018-9926-6 · Cited by 42
“The potential of biochar to improve water holding capacity of soils has been shown in previous studies (Karhu et al. 2011; Novak et al. 2012; Ma et al. 2016; Xiaoa et al. 2016).”
BackgroundResultRizhiya, E. Y., Buchkina, N. P., Mukhina, I., Belinets, A. S., & Balashov, E. V. (2015) · Eurasian Soil Science · doi:10.1134/s1064229314120084 · Cited by 43
Biochar and Soil Carbon Sequestration
Lal, R. (2016) · SSSA Special Publications · doi:10.2136/sssaspecpub63.2014.0042.5 · Cited by 40
A, A. B. M., Yan, H., Li, H., You, W. Y., Elshaikh, N. A., Hussein, G., Pandab, S., & Hassan, S. (2018) · Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis · doi:10.1080/00103624.2018.1547389 · Cited by 40
“The same letter means not significantly different between BA treatments (upper case) or between DI levels (lower case) at P < 0.05. the results are in close agreement with the findings of Karhu et al. (2011).”
ResultInfluentialNitrous oxide emissions along a gradient of tropical forest disturbance on mineral soils in Sumatra
Aini, F. K., Hergoualc'h, K. A., Smith, J., & Verchot, L. V. (2015) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2015.08.022 · Cited by 39
Alteration of Biochar Carbon Chemistry during Soil Incubations: SR‐FTIR and NEXAFS Investigation
Mukome, F. N. D., Kilcoyne, A. L. D., & Parikh, S. J. (2014) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2014.05.0206 · Cited by 39
“Published results regarding microbial mineralization of biochar are ambiguous, some suggesting that the process can be microbially mediated (Bruun et al., 2008; Zimmerman, 2010) and others proposing an abiotically mediated process (Karhu et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2011).”
BackgroundPereira, E. I. P., Suddick, E. C., & Six, J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150837 · Cited by 39
Biochar Application in Management of Paddy Crop Production and Methane Mitigation
Singh, C., Tiwari, S., Boudh, S., & Singh, J. S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49727-3_7 · Cited by 39
Faloye, O. T., Ajayi, A. E., Alatise, M. O., Ewulo, B. S., & Horn, R. (2019) · Biochar · doi:10.1007/s42773-019-00032-3 · Cited by 39
“Studies conducted by several researchers (Oguntunde et al. 2004; Chan et al. 2008; Karhu et al. 2011; Ajayi et al. 2015; Ajayi and Horn 2016; Faloye et al. 2017, 2019) have shown that biochar enhance soil nutrients retention, improves cation exchange capacity (CEC), decrease soil acidity, improves crop nutrient and wa…”
BackgroundWang, H., Ren, T., Yang, H., Feng, Y., Feng, H., Liu, G., Yin, Q., & Hongzhi, S. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12051922 · Cited by 41
Shi, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, Q., Li, G., & Wang, P. (2022) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2022.105337 · Cited by 39
Koyama, S.-I., Inazaki, F., Minamikawa, K., Kato, M., & Hayashi, H. (2015) · Soil Science & Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1080/00380768.2015.1065511 · Cited by 40
“In water-unsaturated upland soils, CH4 absorption increased after the application of biochar by creating CH4 oxidation-favoring environments such as enhanced soil aeration, high porosity and large surface area (Rondon et al. 2006; Van Zwieten et al. 2009; Karhu et al. 2011; Scheer et al. 2011; Yu et al. 2013).”
BackgroundThe Stability of Biochar in the Environment
Zimmerman, A. R., & Gao, B. (2013) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b14585-2 · Cited by 39
ESTRATÉGIAS PARA POTENCIALIZAR A RETENÇÃO E DISPONIBILIDADE DE ÁGUA NO SOLO
Klein, C., & Klein, V. A. (2015) · Revista Eletrônica em Gestão Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental · doi:10.5902/2236117014990 · Cited by 48
Biochar and biochar with N-fertilizer affect soil N2O emission in Haplic Luvisol
Hořák, J., Kondrlová, E., Igaz, D., Šimanský, V., Felber, R., Lukáč, M., Balashov, E. V., Buchkina, N. P., Rizhiya, E. Y., & Jankowski, M. (2017) · Biologia · doi:10.1515/biolog-2017-0109 · Cited by 38
Qi, L., Niu, H., Zhou, P., Jia, R.-J., & Gao, M. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10051403 · Cited by 40
Effects of Biochar Application and Irrigation Methods on Soil Temperature in Farmland
Ding, Y., Gao, X., Qu, Z., Jia, Y., Hu, M., & Li, C. (2019) · Water · doi:10.3390/w11030499 · Cited by 38
“There has been strong evidence of biochar application improving soil moisture and significantly reducing sensitivity of soil respiration to changing temperature [20,21].”
Effect of Biochar on Soil-Water Characteristics of Soils: A Pore-Scale Study
Chen, X., Li, L., Li, X., Kang, J., Xiang, X., Shi, H., & Ren, X. (2023) · Water · doi:10.3390/w15101909 · Cited by 37
Watanabe, A., Ikeya, K., Kanazaki, N., Makabe, S., Sugiura, Y., & Shibata, A. (2014) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.032 · Cited by 37
Chen, H., Lin, G., Wang, X., Chen, Y., Liu, Y., Yang, H., & Shao, J. (2016) · Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1063/1.4942784 · Cited by 37
Fang, B., Lee, X., Zhang, J., Li, Y., Zhang, L., Cheng, J., Wang, B., & Cheng, H. (2016) · Soil Science & Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1080/00380768.2016.1202734 · Cited by 39
“Our observed CH4 consumption activity rises in C5 and C10 plots were in general agreement with the results of Karhu et al. (2011), who reported increased CH4 uptake in an agricultural soil in Southern Finland, and with the results of Rondon et al. (2006), who reported an increase in the annual…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLu, N., Liu, X., Du, Z., Wang, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2014) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr13239 · Cited by 37
Vu, Q. D., de Neergaard, A., Tran, T. D., Hoang, Q. Q., Ly, P., Tran, T. M., & Jensen, L. S. (2015) · Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10705-015-9746-x · Cited by 42
“This could result in a reduction in CH4 emissions as well as contribute to long-term C-sequestration as also documented by various field studies (Rondon et al. 2005; Karhu et al. 2011; Liu et al. 2011; Ly et al. 2015).”
BackgroundRittl, T. F., Oliveira, D. M. D. S., Canisares, L. P., Sagrilo, E., Butterbach‐Bahl, K., Dannenmann, M., & Cerri, C. E. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2020.611873 · Cited by 36
“, 2008), decreasing soil bulk density (Karhu et al., 2011), facilitating N2O consumption in the terminal step of denitrification (Aamer et al.”
BackgroundFu, W., Fan, J., Wang, S., Wang, H., Dai, Z., Zhao, X. S., & Hao, M. (2021) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2021.107495 · Cited by 36
Effects of biochars and MWNTs on biodegradation behavior of atrazine by Acinetobacter lwoffii DNS32
Yang, F., Jiang, Q., Zhu, M., Zhao, L., & Zhang, Y. (2016) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.053 · Cited by 36
Moreno‐Barriga, F., Faz, Á., Acosta, J. A., Soriano-Disla, M., Martínez‐Martínez, S., & Zornoza, R. (2017) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.07.040 · Cited by 36
Zhou, K., Sui, Y., Xu, X. Y., Zhang, J., Chen, Y.-M., Hou, M., & Jiao, X. (2018) · Agricultural Water Management · doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2018.08.007 · Cited by 36
Biochar can improve the soil quality of new creation farmland on the Loess Plateau
Su, C., Ma, J., & Chen, Y. (2018) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-018-3550-5 · Cited by 37
Biomass ash characterisation for reuse as additive in composting process
Asquer, C., Cappai, G., Carucci, A., Gioannis, G. D., Muntoni, A., Piredda, M., & Spiga, D. (2019) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.03.001 · Cited by 36
Tang, Y., Gao, W., Cai, K., Chen, Y., Li, C., Lee, X., Cheng, H., Zhang, Q., & Cheng, J. (2020) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114895 · Cited by 37
Soil Nitrogen Sorption Using Charcoal and Wood Ash
Hamidi, N. H., Ahmed, O. H., Omar, L., & Ch’ng, H. Y. (2021) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy11091801 · Cited by 42
Changes in soil water retention following biochar amendment
Strunecký, O., Shreedhar, S., Kolář, L., & Maroušková, A. (2021) · Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects · doi:10.1080/15567036.2021.1916652 · Cited by 37
“…values were obtained from 12 literature sources (Abel et al. 2013; Bruun et al. 2014; Dugan et al. 2010; Duong et al. 2017; Głąb et al. 2016; Karhu et al. 2011; Liu et al. 2016; Mangrich et al. 2015; Maroušek et al. 2018; Meyer et al. 2020; Novak et al. 2009; Streubel et al. 2011; Yu,…”
Biochar in thermal and thermochemical biorefineries—production of biochar as a coproduct
Mašek, O. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100455-5.00021-7 · Cited by 38
Liao, F., Yang, L., Li, Q., Li, Y., Yang, L., Anas, M., & Huang, D. (2018) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2018.08.001 · Cited by 35
Tan, G., Wang, H., Xu, N., Junaid, M., Liu, H., & Zhai, L. (2019) · Environmental Technology · doi:10.1080/09593330.2019.1620344 · Cited by 35
Bashagaluke, J. B., Logah, V., Opoku, A., Tuffour, H. O., Sarkodie‐Addo, J., & Quansah, C. (2019) · Soil Use and Management · doi:10.1111/sum.12531 · Cited by 35
“Biochar is a product of the pyrolysis of organic materials under a limited supply of oxygen (Karhu et al., 2011).”
BackgroundHersh, B., Mirkouei, A., Sessions, J., Rezaie, B., & You, Y. (2019) · AIMS environmental science · doi:10.3934/environsci.2019.5.379 · Cited by 35
Page‐Dumroese, D. S., Ott, M. R., Strawn, D. G., & Tirocke, J. M. (2018) · Applied Engineering in Agriculture · doi:10.13031/aea.12399 · Cited by 34
Martos, S., Mattana, S., Ribas, À., Albanell, E., & Domene, X. (2019) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-019-02400-9 · Cited by 36
Reddy, K. R., Yargicoglu, E. N., & Chetri, J. K. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001829 · Cited by 34
Karhu, K. L., Kalu, S., Seppänen, A., Kitzler, B., & Virtanen, E. (2021) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2021.107452 · Cited by 34
Is biochar or straw-bale construction a better carbon storage from a life cycle perspective?
Mattila, T., Grönroos, J., Judl, J., & Korhonen, M.-R. (2012) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2012.10.006 · Cited by 34
Investigation of greenhouse gas emissions from the soil amended with rice straw biochar
Yoo, G., Kim, Y. J., Lee, Y. O., & Ding, W. (2015) · KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12205-015-0449-2 · Cited by 32
“Karhu et al. (2011) reported a reduction in the CH4 emissions and attributed it to an increase in the soil aeration caused by the biochar addition.”
BackgroundFornés, F., Lidón, A., Belda, R. M., Macan, G. P. F., Cayuela, M. L., Sánchez‐García, M., & Sanchez-Monedero, M. A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-67565-x · Cited by 33
Mannan, M., Halder, E., Karim, M., & Ahmed, J. (2017) · Bangladesh Agronomy Journal · doi:10.3329/baj.v19i2.31854 · Cited by 33
“Experimental evidence so far shows that incorporation of biochar to soil enhanced soil water-holding capacity (Asai et al., 2009; Laird et al., 2010; Karhu et al., 2011), improved soil water permeability (Asai et al.”
BackgroundMechler, M. A. A., Jiang, R. W., Silverthorn, T., & Oelbermann, M. (2018) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.08.019 · Cited by 33
Soil properties resulting in superior maize yields upon climate warming
Feng, P., Wang, B., Harrison, M. T., Wang, J., Liu, K., Huang, M., Liu, D. L., Yu, Q., & Hu, K. (2022) · Agronomy for Sustainable Development · doi:10.1007/s13593-022-00818-z · Cited by 35
“In addition, SOC is an important indicator of soil quality and soils with higher SOC tend to show better water and nutrient retention (Karhu et al., 2011),”
BackgroundInfluentialBarati, M., Bakhtiari, F., Mowla, D., & Safarzadeh, S. (2017) · Environmental Earth Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12665-017-7017-7 · Cited by 32
“Application of biochar increased water holding capacity and porosity, plants growth and soil microbial activities (Lehmann et al. 2011; Karhu et al. 2011; Paz-Ferreiro et al. 2014; Sizmur et al. 2016).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Karhu, K., Mattila, T., Bergström, I., & Regina, K.
- Affiliations
- Finnish Environment Institute (FI)
- Agrifood Research Finland (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Karhu, Kristiina
- Venue
- Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 309-313
- ISSN
- 0167-8809 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2059577926
- Cited by
- 941
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 67.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment (publishedVersion)
- Jukuri (Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Keywords
- biochar, agricultural soils, methane uptake, soil methane flux, nitrous oxide emissions, CO2 emissions, soil water holding capacity, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, biogenic carbon storage, soil amendment, drought
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