Natural oxidation of black carbon in soils: changes in molecular form and surface charge along a climosequence
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When hydrochar is mixed in soil, over a period, it becomes oxidized by interacting with atmospheric oxygen and creates a more hydrophilic nature by creating phenolic and carboxylic functional groups on its surface.
“However, when the hydrochar is mixed in the soil, over a period, it becomes oxidized by interacting with atmospheric oxygen and creates a more hydrophilic nature by creating phenolic and carboxylic functional groups on the surface of the hydrochar [83].”
From Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications (2021) · cites this paper as [83]
As biochar ages, biotic and abiotic oxidation results in increased surface carboxyl groups, and subsequently increases the soils ability for cation adsorption.
“As biochar ages, biotic and abiotic oxidation results in increased surface carboxyl groups, and subsequently increases the soils ability for cation adsorption (Cheng et al., 2008).”
From Biochar implications for sustainable agriculture and environment: A review (2019) · cites this paper as Cheng et al., 2008
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Biochar effects on soil biota – A review
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“In soil, biochars (those produced at or below 600e700 C) seem to oxidize rapidly and attain greater amounts of CEC (Cheng et al., 2008; Nguyen et al., 2010), but initially still retain”
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“This oxidation can impact greatly on changes in soil biogeochemistry and nutrient release and retention (Cheng et al. 2008a).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures
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“Biochar’s porous structure, large surface area, and negative surface charge (Bird et al., 2008; Cheng et al., 2008; Downie et al., 2009; Novak et al., 2009a) increase the soil’s cation exchange capacity and allow for the retention of nutrients, such as K (Liang et al., 2006; Major et al., 2011).”
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“Similar to Liang et al. (2008) and Cheng et al. (2008b), the fraction of evolved C from biochar (fBC) and from soil OM (fSOC) in the soil-biochar mixtures was calculated using a two-component isotopic mixing model such that: d13CO2 measured ¼ fBC*d13CO2 BC þ ð1 fBCÞ*d13CO2 SOC (1) and fBC þ fSOC ¼…”
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“The method using K and Cl ions described by Cheng et al. (2008) was used, except quadratic curves were used only to describe the soils ’ positive charge.”
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“, 1958) and microbial degradability (Cheng et al., 2008), which could aff ect biochar nutrient availability.”
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“The development of appreciable amount of negative charge on biochars may take months to years before it generates high CEC in the range found in Terra Preta (Glaser et al. 2002; Cheng et al. 2008).”
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Self-citationThe immobilisation and retention of soluble arsenic, cadmium and zinc by biochar
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“Black carbon (Krull et al., 2006; Cheng et al., 2008) constituted 3.9% of the C of this fraction, with a 13C signature of 24‰, showing that it was derived primarily from the original forest vegetation (Lavallee et al., 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialEffects of biochar on soil available inorganic nitrogen: a review and meta-analysis
Nguyen, T. T. N., Xu, C.-Y., Tahmasbian, I., Che, R., Xu, Z., Zhou, X., Wallace, H. M., & Bai, S. H. (2017) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.11.004 · Cited by 715 · see citing works
“At high temperatures (>600C), acidic functional groups (mainly carboxyl) are converted to neutral or basic fused aromatic groups due to the loss of oxygen-containing functional groups, leading to decreased CEC (Cheng et al., 2008; Gaskin et al., 2008; Kookana et al., 2011; Gai et al., 2014).”
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Biochar application for the remediation of salt-affected soils: Challenges and opportunities
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Multifunctional applications of biochar beyond carbon storage
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Rapid electron transfer by the carbon matrix in natural pyrogenic carbon
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Self-citationBiochar Carbon Stability in a Clayey Soil As a Function of Feedstock and Pyrolysis Temperature
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“…not applicable to the oxidation periods necessary to evaluate transformation rates of pyrogenic C. Comparing historical samples and newly produced pyrogenic C, Cheng et al. (2008a) showed its substantial oxidation during 130 years and related the oxidation intensity to the mean annual temperature.”
BackgroundInfluence of feedstock source and pyrolysis temperature on biochar bulk and surface properties
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Assessing potential of biochar for increasing water-holding capacity of sandy soils
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Iron traps terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter at redox interfaces
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“being inert, recent research has indicated that partial oxidation turns soil black carbon into dissolved black carbon (DBC) through the addition of oxygen functional groups (24, 25).”
BackgroundMukherjee, A., & Zimmerman, A. R. (2013) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.002 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
“And, large amounts of anion exchange capacity (AEC) have only been found for aged biochars (Cheng et al., 2008; Mukherjee et al., 2011).”
BackgroundEffects of slow and fast pyrolysis biochar on soil C and N turnover dynamics
Bruun, E. W., Ambus, P., Egsgaard, H., & Hauggaard-Nielsen, H. (2012) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.019 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Dempster, D. N., Gleeson, D. B., Solaiman, Z. M., Jones, D. L., & Murphy, D. V. (2012) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-011-1067-5 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
“Over time surface positive charge is likely to decrease, whilst negative charge increases (Cheng et al. 2008).”
Méndez, A., Gómez, A., Paz-Ferreiro, J., & Gascó, G. (2012) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.092 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Qualitative analysis of volatile organic compounds on biochar
Spokas, K. A., Novak, J. M., Stewart, C. E., Cantrell, K. B., Uchimiya, M., DuSaire, M. G., & Ro, K. S. (2011) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.108 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
“, 2011) as well as organic contaminants such as naphthalene, nitrobenzenene (Cheng et al., 2008), and benzene (Chun et al.”
BackgroundPanahi, H. K. S., Dehhaghi, M., Ok, Y. S., Nizami, A., Khoshnevisan, B., Mussatto, S. I., Aghbashlo, M., Tabatabaei, M., & Lam, S. S. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122462 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Charcoal volatile matter content influences plant growth and soil nitrogen transformations
Deenik, J. L., McClellan, T., Uehara, G., Antal, M. J., & Campbell, S. (2010) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2009.0115 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Hale, S. E., Alling, V., Martinsen, V., Mulder, J., Breedveld, G. D., & Cornelissen, G. (2013) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.057 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Biochar effects on soil nutrient transformations
Hale, S. E., Cornelissen, G., & Werner, D. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203762264-22 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Biochar from anaerobically digested sugarcane bagasse
Inyang, M., Gao, B., Pullammanappallil, P., Ding, W., & Zimmerman, A. R. (2010) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.088 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
“It is further notable that the AEC found for both of these chars has not previously been measured in any biochar (Cheng et al., 2008; Liang et al., 2006).”
BackgroundEvaluation of biochar effects on nitrogen retention and leaching in multi-layered soil columns
Ding, Y., Liu, Y.-X., Wu, W.-X., Shi, D.-Z., Yang, M., & Zhong, Z.-K. (2010) · Water, Air, & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-010-0366-4 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Biochar impacts on soil physical properties and greenhouse gas emissions
Mukherjee, A., & Lal, R. (2013) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy3020313 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
“Soil exchange capacities may increase over short time during aging as an increase in the CEC of aged biochars compared to fresh ones due to generation of oxygenated surface functional groups by surface oxidation process has previously been reported [66,87,127].”
BackgroundResultHale, S., Hanley, K., Lehmann, J., Zimmerman, A., & Cornelissen, G. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es202970x · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, Y., Hu, S., Chen, J., Müller, K., Li, Y., Fu, W., Lin, Z., & Wang, H. (2017) · Journal of Soils and Sediments · doi:10.1007/s11368-017-1906-y · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Fuertes, A. B., Arbestain, M. C., Sevilla, M., Maciá-Agulló, J. A., Fiol, S., López, R., Smernik, R. J., Aitkenhead, W. P., Arce, F., & Macias, F. (2010) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr10010 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Short-term CO2 and N2O emissions and microbial properties of biochar amended sandy loam soils
Ameloot, N., De Neve, S., Jegajeevagan, K., Yildiz, G., Buchan, D., Funkuin, Y. N., Prins, W., Bouckaert, L., & Sleutel, S. (2013) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.025 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Biochar, climate change and soil: a review to guide future research
Sohi, S.-C. (2009) · CSIRO · doi:10.4225/08/58597219a199a · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Prendergast‐Miller, M. T., Duvall, M., & Sohi, S. P. (2014) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/ejss.12079 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
“Longer-term changes (>100 years) in biochar pH and CEC can be inferred from studies of black carbon from historical charcoal sites (Cheng et al., 2008).”
BackgroundWhat is recalcitrant soil organic matter?
Kleber, M. (2010) · Environmental Chemistry · doi:10.1071/en10006 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Lwin, C. S., Seo, B.-H., Kim, H.-U., Owens, G., & Kim, K.-R. (2018) · Soil Science & Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1080/00380768.2018.1440938 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
“organic and inorganic compounds, and greater nutrient retention (Cheng et al. 2008; Kammann et al. 2015).”
BackgroundHouben, D., Evrard, L., & Sonnet, P. (2013) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.07.019 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
“Since CEC in soils amended with biochar increases with time [34], offering potentially new sites for metal sorption, further studies should be conducted to determine whether the CEC effect on metal retention intensifies in the long run.”
BackgroundTemperature Sensitivity of Black Carbon Decomposition and Oxidation
Nguyen, B. T., Lehmann, J., Hockaday, W. C., Joseph, S., & Masiello, C. A. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es903016y · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Self-citationBiochar had effects on phosphorus sorption and desorption in three soils with differing acidity
Xu, G., Sun, J., Shao, H., & Chang, S. X. (2013) · Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.027 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Ye, L., Camps‐Arbestain, M., Shen, Q., Lehmann, J., Singh, B., & Sabir, M. (2020) · Soil Use and Management · doi:10.1111/sum.12546 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacteristics and nutrient values of biochars produced from giant reed at different temperatures
Zheng, H., Wang, Z., Deng, X., Zhao, J. L., Luo, Y., Novak, J., Herbert, S. J., & Xing, B. (2012) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.044 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
“Additionally, it has been demonstrated that fresh biochar has some anion exchange capacity in the acid pH range, which can initially be in excess of the total cation exchange capacity of the biochar (Cheng et al., 2008).”
BackgroundNamgay, T., Singh, B., & Singh, B. P. (2010) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr10049 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Black carbon decomposition under varying water regimes
Nguyen, B. T., & Lehmann, J. (2009) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.05.004 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
“We standardized the pH of the BC materials to avoid effects of dissociation of chemical functional groups on spectral properties determined from FTIR ( Cheng et al., 2008a ).”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationpH-Dependent Mineral Release and Surface Properties of Cornstraw Biochar: Agronomic Implications
Silber, A., Levkovitch, I., & Graber, E. R. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es101283d · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Chemical and structural properties of dissolved black carbon released from biochars
Qu, X., Fu, H., Mao, J., Ran, Y., Zhang, D., & Zhu, D. (2015) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.09.106 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Interaction of arsenic with biochar in soil and water: A critical review
Vithanage, M., Herath, I., Joseph, S., Bundschuh, J., Bolan, N., Ok, Y. S., Kirkham, M. B., & Rinklebe, J. (2017) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.11.032 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Short-term CO2 mineralization after additions of biochar and switchgrass to a Typic Kandiudult ☆
Novak, J., Busscher, W., Watts, D., Laird, D., Ahmedna, M., & Niandou, M. A. S. (2010) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.014 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Biochar addition rate influences soil microbial abundance and activity in temperate soils
Gómez, J. D., Denef, K., Stewart, C. E., Zheng, J., & Cotrufo, M. F. (2013) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/ejss.12097 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
“The sorption capacity of BC is related to its large porosity and cation exchange capacity (Jindo et al., 2012), which varies with BC origin, pyrolysis conditions (James et al., 2005) and age (Cheng et al., 2008).”
BackgroundHydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications
Masoumi, S., Borugadda, V. B., Nanda, S., & Dalai, A. K. (2021) · Catalysts · doi:10.3390/catal11080939 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
“However, when the hydrochar is mixed in the soil, over a period, it becomes oxidized by interacting with atmospheric oxygen and creates a more hydrophilic nature by creating phenolic and carboxylic functional groups on the surface of the hydrochar [83].”
BackgroundWang, C., Lu, H., Dong, D., Deng, H., Strong, P. J., Wang, H., & Wu, W. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es305293h · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Mandal, A., Singh, N., & Purakayastha, T. J. (2016) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.204 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Castaldi, S., Riondino, M., Baronti, S., Esposito, F. R., Marzaioli, R., Rutigliano, F. A., Vaccari, F. P., & Miglietta, F. (2011) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.031 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
“, 2007), and increase soil cation exchange capacity and soil pH (Tryon, 1948; Liang et al., 2006; Cheng et al., 2008).”
BackgroundRemediation of cadmium and lead polluted soil using thiol-modified biochar
Fan, J., Cai, C., Chi, H., Reid, B. J., Coulon, F., Zhang, Y., & Hou, Y. (2020) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122037 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
“As the effect of biochar on soil cation exchange capacity has been reported to related to the incubation time([86]), the insignificant effect of RB/RS on soil cation exchange capacity may be linked to”
BackgroundBiochar’s role as an alternative N-fertilizer: Ammonia capture
Spokas, K. A., Novak, J. M., & Venterea, R. T. (2012) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-011-0930-8 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
“characteristic for the successful implementation of black carbon materials as a soil amendment at field scales, and could aid in understanding the aged or delayed response to biochar amendments occasionally observed (Ascough et al. 2011; Cheng et al. 2008; Major et al. 2010).”
BackgroundMaterial derived from hydrothermal carbonization: Effects on plant growth and arbuscular mycorrhiza
Rillig, M. C., Wagner, M., Salem, M., Antunes, P. M., George, C., Ramke, H.-G., Titirici, M.-M., & Antonietti, M. (2010) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.04.011 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Long-term black carbon dynamics in cultivated soil
Nguyen, B. T., Lehmann, J. C., Kinyangi, J. M., Smernik, R. J., Riha, S. J., & Engelhard, M. (2008) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-008-9220-9 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
“Discounting surface oxidation and adsorption of non-BC, our results suggest an Oc/C ratio of 0.3 for fire-derived and aged BC obtained from soils including only O bonded to C (from deconvolution of XPS data), which agrees well with results from 11 sites in the Eastern U.S. (Cheng et al. 2008).”
ResultInfluentialSelf-citationInteractive Priming of Biochar and Labile Organic Matter Mineralization in a Smectite-Rich Soil
Keith, A., Singh, B., & Singh, B. P. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es202186j · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Xiao, X., Chen, Z., & Chen, B. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep22644 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Mukherjee, A., Lal, R., & Zimmerman, A. R. (2014) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.141 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Abundant and Stable Char Residues in Soils: Implications for Soil Fertility and Carbon Sequestration
Mao, J., Johnson, R. L., Lehmann, J. C., Olk, D. C., Neves, E. G., Thompson, M. L., & Schmidt‐Rohr, K. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es301107c · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Self-citationStability of black carbon in soils across a climatic gradient
Cheng, C., Lehmann, J., Thies, J. E., & Burton, S. D. (2008) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2007jg000642 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
“In a separate study, we found that individual BC fragments from the conifer sites displayed the least oxidation, i.e., low oxygen content and low atomic O/OC ratios, which indicate lower decomposition of BC under acid soil conditions [Cheng et al., 2008].”
BackgroundSelf-citationMicrobial mineralization of biochar and wheat straw mixture in soil: A short-term study
Zavalloni, C., Alberti, G., Biasiol, S., Vedove, G. D., Fornasier, F., Liu, J., & Peressotti, A. (2011) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.07.012 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Biochar application to soil for climate change mitigation by soil organic carbon sequestration
Lorenz, K. E., & Lal, R. (2014) · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science · doi:10.1002/jpln.201400058 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Keiluweit, M., Kleber, M., Sparrow, M. A., Simoneit, B. R. T., & Prahl, F. G. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es302125k · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Ageing of black carbon along a temperature gradient
Cheng, C.-H., & Lehmann, J. (2009) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.045 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
“Temperature and time of exposure are likely to be major factors influencing BC ageing as shown by several studies (Puri, 1970; Cheng et al., 2006, 2008a).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationPhotochemistry of Hydrochar: Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Sulfadimidine Degradation
Chen, N., Huang, Y., Hou, X., Ai, Z., & Zhang, L. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b02740 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Aging induced changes in biochar's functionality and adsorption behavior for phosphate and ammonium
Mia, S., Dijkstra, F. A., & Singh, B. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b00647 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Barnes, R. T., Gallagher, M. E., Masiello, C. A., Liu, Z., & Dugan, B. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108340 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
“While dependent on production conditions, biochar tends to have a high cation exchange capacity [30] and anion sorption ability [31], allowing for adsorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM) [32] and N [33], and can alter greenhouse gas emissions [34–36].”
BackgroundCriteria to Select Biochars for Field Studies based on Biochar Chemical Properties
Brewer, C. E., Unger, R., Schmidt‐Rohr, K., & Brown, R. C. (2011) · BioEnergy Research · doi:10.1007/s12155-011-9133-7 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
“Biochar has been shown to oxidize and undergo other aging reactions over time [28, 56].”
BackgroundWang, J., Shi, L., Zhai, L., Zhang, H., Wang, S., Zou, J., Shen, Z., Lian, C., & Chen, Y. (2020) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111261 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Güereña, D., Lehmann, J., Hanley, K., Enders, A., Hyland, C., & Riha, S. (2013) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-012-1383-4 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Self-citationBiochar farming: defining economically perspective applications
Maroušek, J., Strunecký, O., & Stehel, V. (2019) · Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy · doi:10.1007/s10098-019-01728-7 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Amending greenroof soil with biochar to affect runoff water quantity and quality
Beck, D. A., Johnson, G. R., & Spolek, G. A. (2011) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.01.022 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
“Biochar has been observed to have increased cation exchange capacity when added to soils located inwarm climates (Cheng et al., 2008).”
BackgroundComprehensive review on production and utilization of biochar
Panwar, N. L., Pawar, A., & Salvi, B. L. (2019) · SN Applied Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42452-019-0172-6 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Adsorption and desorption of ammonium by maple wood biochar as a function of oxidation and pH
Wang, B., Lehmann, J. C., Hanley, K., Hestrin, R., & Enders, A. (2015) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.062 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
“The reason for doing so was that cation exchange capacity is known to significantly change with different pH of biochars (Cheng et al., 2008) and presumably also ammonium adsorption behavior; since oxidation resulted in different pH values, adjusting the pH to a uniform pH of 7 allowed comparison of adsorption as a re…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationSafaei Khorram, M., Zhang, Q., Lin, D., Zheng, Y., Fang, H., & Yu, Y. (2016) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jes.2015.12.027 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Biochar carbon stability in four contrasting soils
Fang, Y., Singh, B., Singh, B. P., & Krull, E. S. (2013) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/ejss.12094 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
“The carboxyl groups developed on biochar surfaces during its ageing in soil (Cheng et al., 2008a) may enhance the interaction of biochar surfaces with clay minerals.”
BackgroundMia, S., Dijkstra, F. A., & Singh, B. (2016) · Advances in agronomy · doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2016.10.001 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Warnock, D. D., Mummey, D. L., McBride, B. B., Major, J., Lehmann, J. C., & Rillig, M. C. (2010) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.09.002 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
“Due to its complex chemical structure, biochar exhibits a longmean residence time in soil, estimatedbetween1,000 to10,000years (e.g. Skjemstad et al., 1998; Swift, 2001; Cheng et al., 2008; Lehmann et al., 2008; Lianget al., 2008;Kuzyakovet al., 2009;Majoret al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
- Authors
- Cheng, C.-H., Lehmann, J., & Engelhard, M. H.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lehmann, Johannes
- Venue
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1598-1610
- ISSN
- 0016-7037 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1994825310
- Cited by
- 936
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 68 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 50.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Geological Society of America
- Cornell University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil and Environmental Studies
- Keywords
- black carbon, natural oxidation, soil carbon, molecular forms, surface charge, climosequence, mean annual temperature, O/C ratio, blast furnace, soil biogeochemistry, long-term incubation
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