Exercise effects on lipids in persons with varying dietary patterns-does diet matter if they exercise? Responses in Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise I
Open accessAbstract
Background The standard clinical approach for reducing cardiovascular disease risk due to dyslipidemia is to prescribe changes in diet and physical activity. The purpose of the current study was to determine if, across a range of dietary patterns, there were variable lipoprotein responses to an aerobic exercise training intervention.Methods Subjects were participants in the STRRIDE I, a supervised exercise program in sedentary, overweight subjects randomized to 6 months of inactivity or 1 of 3 aerobic exercise programs. To characterize diet patterns observed during the study, we calculated a modified z-score that included intakes of total fat, saturated fat, trans fatty acids, cholesterol, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber as compared with the 2006 American Heart Association diet recommendations. Linear models were used to evaluate relationships between diet patterns and exercise effects on lipoproteins/lipids.Results Independent of diet, exercise had beneficial effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particle number, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol size, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol size, and triglycerides (P < .05 for all). However, having a diet pattern that closely adhered to American Heart Association recommendations was not related to changes in these or any other serum lipids or lipoproteins in any of the exercise groups.Conclusions We found that even in sedentary individuals whose habitual diets vary in the extent of adherence to AHA dietary recommendations, a rigorous, supervised exercise intervention can achieve significant beneficial lipid effects.
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Regular physical exercise induces an even smaller reduction in LDL-C levels.
“Even smaller is the reduction of LDL-C levels induced by regular physical exercise. 150,169”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [169]
Weight reduction improves insulin sensitivity and lowers triglyceride levels.
“Weight reduction improves insulin sensitivity and decreases TG levels.”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [169]
Regular physical exercise lowers plasma triglycerides beyond the effect of weight reduction.
“Regular physical exercise reduces plasma TG levels over and above the effect of weight reduction. 150,169,176”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [169]
Modest weight reduction and regular moderate-intensity physical exercise are very effective in preventing type 2 diabetes and improving metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular risk factors clustering with insulin resistance, which are often associated with abdominal adiposity.
“Modest weight reduction and regular physical exercise of moderate intensity are very effective in preventing type 2 diabetes and improving all the metabolic abnormalities and CV risk factors clustering with insulin resistance, which are often associated with abdominal adiposity.”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [169]
In many studies, weight reduction lowers triglycerides by 20-30%, and this effect is usually preserved as long as weight is not regained.
“In many studies the reduction of TG levels due to weight reduction is between 20-30%; this effect is usually preserved as long as weight is not regained.”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [169]
Regular physical exercise reduces plasma triglyceride levels over and above the effect of weight reduction.
“Regular physical exercise reduces plasma TG levels over and above the effect of weight reduction.150,169,176”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [169]
Regular physical exercise induces an even smaller reduction of LDL-C levels.
“Even smaller is the reduction of LDL-C levels induced by regular physical exercise.150,169”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [169]
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- Authors
- Huffman, K. M., Hawk, V. H., Henes, S. T., Ocampo, C. I., Orenduff, M. C., Slentz, C. A., Johnson, J. L., Houmard, J. A., Samsa, G. P., Kraus, W. E., & Bales, C. W.
- Affiliations
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Duke University (US)
- East Carolina University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huffman, Kim M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Heart Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 164
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 117-124
- ISSN
- 0002-8703 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3399760
- OpenAlex
- W1974604353
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8
- FWCI
- 4.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- American Heart Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- East Carolina University
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG028716)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (K23AR054904)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- aerobic exercise training, dietary habits, dyslipidemia, serum lipids, lipoproteins, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, cardiovascular disease risk reduction, omega-3 fatty acids, saturated fat, trans fatty acids, dietary cholesterol
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Diet, Female, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Triglycerides, Exercise
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