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Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage: a prospective cohort study
Abstract
Objective The objective of the study was to examine whether the risk of miscarriage is associated with caffeine consumption during pregnancy after controlling for pregnancy-related symptoms.Study design This was a population-based prospective cohort study.Results An increasing dose of daily caffeine intake during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, compared with no caffeine intake, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.42 (95% confidence interval 0.93 to 2.15) for caffeine intake of less than 200 mg/day, and aHR of 2.23 (1.34 to 3.69) for intake of 200 or more mg/day, respectively. Nausea or vomiting during pregnancy did not materially affect this observed association, nor did the change in intake pattern of caffeine during pregnancy. In addition, the magnitude of the association appeared to be stronger among women without a history of miscarriage (aHR 2.33, 1.48 to 3.67) than that among women with such a history (aHR 0.81, 0.34 to 1.94).Conclusion Our results demonstrated that high doses of caffeine intake during pregnancy increase the risk of miscarriage, independent of pregnancy-related symptoms.
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In the citing paper
“Studies on sporadic miscarriage have shown associations with smoking, 25,158 alcohol 26,159 and caffeine.27,160,161”
From Recurrent MiscarriageGreen‐top Guideline No. 17 (2023) · cites this paper as [160]
In the citing paper
“Weng et al. (125) reported a hazard ratio of 2.23 for spontaneous abortion among 164 women who consumed 200 mg/day or more of caffeine and of 1.34 for 899 women who consumed less than 200 mg/day (125).”
From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [125]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review
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Metadata
- Authors
- Weng, X., Odouli, R., & Li, D.-K.
- Affiliations
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- Corresponding author
- Li, De-Kun
- ORCID
- Li, De-Kun
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 198
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 279.e1-279.e8
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1973666876
- Cited by
- 279
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 16.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Kaiser Permanente
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Keywords
- caffeine consumption, pregnancy, miscarriage, nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, history of miscarriage, maternal diet
- MeSH terms
- Abortion, Spontaneous, Adult, Beverages, Caffeine, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors
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