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Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic
Open accessAbstract
Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) originating from China has rapidly crossed borders, infecting people throughout the whole world. This phenomenon has led to a massive public reaction; the media has been reporting continuously across borders to keep all informed about the pandemic situation. All these things are creating a lot of concern for people leading to heightened levels of anxiety. Pandemics can lead to heightened levels of stress; Anxiety is a common response to any stressful situation. This study attempted to assess the knowledge, attitude, anxiety experience, and perceived mental healthcare need among adult Indian population during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire using a non-probability snowball sampling technique. A total of 662 responses were received. The responders had a moderate level of knowledge about the COVID-19 infection and adequate knowledge about its preventive aspects. The attitude towards COVID-19 showed peoples' willingness to follow government guidelines on quarantine and social distancing. The anxiety levels identified in the study were high. More than 80 % of the people were preoccupied with the thoughts of COVID-19 and 72 % reported the need to use gloves, and sanitizers. In this study, sleep difficulties, paranoia about acquiring COVID-19 infection and distress related social media were reported in 12.5 %, 37.8 %, and 36.4 % participants respectively. The perceived mental healthcare need was seen in more than 80 % of participants. There is a need to intensify the awareness and address the mental health issues of people during this COVID-19 pandemic.
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“In the COVID-19 pandemic, as in other pandemics, fear, anxiety, and worries have been the major psychological consequences (Roy et al., 2020; Tandon, 2020a; Xiang et al., 2020).”
From Understanding coronaphobia (2020) · cites this paper as Roy et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Moreover, because of COVID-19, organizations providing humanitarian services, like the WFP, are experiencing a severe financial crisis as well as difficulty in keeping their food distribution cycle intact [14].”
From The Role of Blockchain to Fight Against COVID-19 (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
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“Leveraging blockchain technology, international or national humanitarian organizations can remotely and securely help needy people buy free or subsidized food from local vendors [14].”
From The Role of Blockchain to Fight Against COVID-19 (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
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Citations
Cites
The Psychological Impact of Quarantine and How to Reduce It: Rapid Review of the Evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3532534 · Cited by 16,394
The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8 · Cited by 16,378 · cited 1×
“Recent evidence suggests that individuals who are kept in isolation and quarantine experience significant distress in the form of anxiety, anger, confusion and post-traumatic stress symptoms (Brooks et al., 2020).”
BackgroundFirst case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States
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“COVID-19 started in December 2019, like a viral outbreak in Wuhan city of central Hubei province of China (Holshue et al., 2020) .”
BackgroundRational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic
Feng, S., Shen, C., Xia, N., Song, W., Fan, M., & Cowling, B. J. (2020) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30134-x · Cited by 1,443 · cited 1×
“Since the onset of the coronavirus pandemic there has been an increased use of masks (Feng et al., 2020) and sanitizers resulting in exhaustion of resources in the market.”
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Baud, D., Qi, X., Nielsen‐Saines, K., Musso, D., Pomar, L., & Favre, G. (2020) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30195-x · Cited by 1,284 · cited 1×
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The COVID-19 outbreak: Crucial role the psychiatrists can play
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“distancing, self-quarantine, restriction of travel and the ever-spreading rumors in social media are also likely to affect mental health adversely (Banerjee, 2020).”
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Ebrahim, S. H., Ahmed, Q. A. A., Gozzer, E., Schlagenhauf, P., & Memish, Z. A. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1066 · Cited by 562 · cited 1×
“This has led to a break in the global supply chains and thus, affected the global economy brutally (Ebrahim et al., 2020).”
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Yao, H., Chen, J.-H., & Xu, Y.-F. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102015 · Cited by 208 · cited 1×
“In this situation considering online mental health consultation might be more beneficial and it can deliver the consultation at the doorstep (Yao et al., 2020).”
Background
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,000
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“A study performed on the adult population in India during the COVID-19 outbreak reported that their anxiety levels were high (Roy et al., 2020).”
BackgroundKnowledge, attitude, and practice of Bangladeshi residents during COVID-19 pandemic
Saha, M., Saha, G., & Islam, M. (2022) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0000407 · Cited by 8
“People are, overall, willing to maintain social distance and quarantine which can slow down the infection, although they have high anxiety about possible infection, which can be reduced through increasing awareness and addressing mental health issues [11].”
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Self-citationCOVID-19 Pandemic Management: A Review of the Digitalisation Leap in Malaysia
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Weekly Emotional Changes Amidst Covid-19: Turkish Experience
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Health Information Seeking Behaviors Related to COVID-19 Among Young People: An Online Survey
Jalilian, M., Kakaei, H., Nourmoradi, H., Bakhtiyari, S., Mazloomi, S., & Mirzaei, A. (2021) · international journal high risk behaviors & addiction · doi:10.5812/ijhrba.105863 · Cited by 8
“Reputable international websites such as WHO and CDC provide useful information about COVID-19 to users (21, 25).”
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“The result of the present study that adheres to (Roy 2020; Zhang & Ma, 2020) found that in India and China discovered that a sense of panic regarding the pandemic.”
ResultPublic Awareness, Attitudes, and Adherence to COVID-19 Quarantine and Isolation in Saudi Arabia
Almaghrabi, M. K. (2021) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s318629 · Cited by 8
“This phenomenon is identified by cross-sectional studies as an attitudinal issue linked with the population.(9,15,16,21) Awareness programs have been initiated by the Ministry of Health (MOH) for educating the public regarding the virus mode of transmission and the significance of curfew.”
BackgroundDepressive Symptomatology in Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic
González, Á. A. O., García, J. F. C., Sandoval, L. C. P., Cuevas, J. R. T., Ibarra, S. A. H., Sandoval, D. A. C., González, E. C., Chica, K. S. G., Lozano, J. C. G., & Rico, M. D. C. M. (2021) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.1136/jim-2021-001992 · Cited by 9
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“Consistent with our findings a study from India revealed a moderate level of awareness of COVID-19 among the public with respect to the mode of transmission, symptoms, and adequate precautionary measures [16].”
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Kim, J.-H., & Kim, J. Y. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14052981 · Cited by 8
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Kant, R. (2021) · Pacific International Journal · doi:10.55014/pij.v4i2.5 · Cited by 8
“More than 80 % of the people were preoccupied with the thoughts of COVID-19 ([2]).”
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“It comprises a pathological situation where the level of activation or duration is disproportionate to the situation experienced [19,20].”
Well-being in the post-pandemic era: the role of meaning in life and resilience
Baykal, E., Contreras, F. V., Abid, G., & Fernández, I. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1696860 · Cited by 7
“Pandemics can heighten the stress levels of individuals, creating anxiety as a usual response (Roy et al., 2020).”
Álvarez, M. Á.-R., Etxebarrieta, G. R., & Santamaría, M. D. (2021) · Journal of Science Communication · doi:10.22323/2.20050205 · Cited by 8
“negative influence of media on anxiety, worry and sleep disorders [Gao et al., 2020; Roy et al., 2020].”
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“Specifically, we asked participants the degree to which they were afraid of (Brooks et al., 2020) unknowingly carrying Coronavirus, (Roy et al., 2020) infecting others with the virus, and (Dong & Bouey, 2020) someone in their family contracting the virus.”
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“history, in an endeavor to combat the COVID-19 disease (Roy et al., 2020; Sharma & Agarwal, 2020).”
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“Moreover, according to Roy et al. (2020), public knowledge and attitudes influence people to adhere to personal protective measures that would slow down of the virus’ spread.”
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Alsaeed, D., Al-Ozairi, A., Alsarraf, H., Albarrak, F., & Al‐Ozairi, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1048283 · Cited by 9
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MethodFear of COVID-19 and future anxiety among Polish university students during a pandemic
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“COVID-19 has increased individuals’ worries about their present and future situations (Giallonardo et al., 2020; Usher et al., 2020) due to the uncontrollable nature of this stressor (Liu et al., 2020) as well as its ability to trigger anxiety related to death (Roy et al., 2020).”
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“Roy et al. (2020) and Zheng et al. (2020) stressed mental health care and psychological panic reduction, respectively.”
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“Similarly, a study conducted in India showed that about 41% people felt scared when their close one became sick and 1/3 participant panicked about their inappropriate social behavior [3].”
BackgroundA holistic care approach to combat the COVID-19 disease
Kotwani, P., Patwardhan, V., Patel, G. M., Williams, C.-L., & Modi, E. (2021) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1549_20 · Cited by 7
“Although these measures were necessary, the negative underlying effects of prolonged isolation on mental health outcomes, especially among COVID‐19 patients became more evident.[4] Limited interaction with family members, or loved ones, and being confined to just one space or building, reasonably so, affected the ment…”
BackgroundTrust in Government and Social Isolation during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Brazil
da Silva, C. R. M., Aquino, C. V. M. G., Oliveira, L. V. C., Beserra, E. P., & Romero, C. B. A. (2021) · International Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.1080/01900692.2021.1920611 · Cited by 11
“In India, Roy et al. (2020) found that people are willing to follow the government’s recommendations on quarantine and social distancing once most respondents believe that social isolation is essential to prevent the spread of Covid-19.”
BackgroundDevelopment of the Adult Pandemic Attitude Scale (A-PAS)
Seong, M., Park, J., Chung, S., & Sok, S. R. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18126311 · Cited by 7
“of educational institutions, and uncertainty, caused many problems [11].”
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“Evidence suggests that excessive use of social media and consumption of information about COVID-19 can increase anxiety (16, 21, 22).”
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“They may be anxious about the anticipated future consequences of the pandemic, these concerns may be related to job security and financial stability, political instability, or the impact on their interpersonal relationships [6, 7].”
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“Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originated from China, was rapidly dispersed among other countries, worldwide, contaminating millions of people (1).”
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Hendriana, D., Komarudin, K., & Mulyana, B. (2021) · COMPETITOR Jurnal Pendidikan Kepelatihan Olahraga · doi:10.26858/cjpko.v13i2.20793 · Cited by 6
“This has a global impact that the COVID-19 has troubled many people around the world, including one in Indonesia which has an impact on increasing levels of stress and anxiety in society (Roy et al., 2020).”
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“[18], in a study conducted in India, reported that 72% of participants were concerned about COVID-19; 40% reported extreme concern (paranoia) about being infected; and 12% experienced sleep alterations.”
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“In addition to concern over the disease itself, researchers have reported increasing worries, fear and apprehension about contracting the COVID-19 infection among the public, leading to mental health problems [19].”
BackgroundBarreto, M. D. S., Leite, A. C. A. B., García‐Vivar, C., Nascimento, L. C., & Marcon, S. S. (2022) · Collegian Journal of the Royal College of Nursing Australia · doi:10.1016/j.colegn.2022.03.006 · Cited by 6
Khaled, S. M., Davis, V., Amro, I., Ali, A. A., Woodruff, P. W. R., & Haddad, P. M. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.019 · Cited by 6
Al-Rawi, S. S., Alyanbaawi, H. J., Ibrahim, A. H., Hamdy, H. A., Hama, H. A., Dogara, A. M., & Effendi, A. B. A. (2022) · International Journal of Social Sciences and Educational Studies · doi:10.23918/ijsses.v9i2p197 · Cited by 6
MacNeil, P., Khare, A., & Jugdev, K. (2022) · Health Economics and Management Review · doi:10.21272/hem.2022.3-06 · Cited by 6
Zarah, A. B., Schneider, S. T., & Andrade, J. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14214636 · Cited by 7
Dosah pandémie COVID-19 na zmeny v nákupnom správaní spotrebiteľov na Slovensku
čuláková, K., Bilková, K., Križan, F., Danielová, K., & Hencelová, P. (2022) · Sociológia - Slovak Sociological Review · doi:10.31577/sociologia.2022.54.5.14 · Cited by 6
Optimism, pessimism, and perceptions of the Jordanian government's COVID‐19 response
Yaghi, A. (2022) · Digest of Middle East Studies · doi:10.1111/dome.12284 · Cited by 6
“These results also agree with reports of negative perceptions about government in other countries (Koirala & Acharya, 2020; Roy et al., 2020; Wise, 2006).”
ResultThe predictors of spiritual dryness among Iranian cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Farahani, A. S., Kerdar, S. H., Ashrafizadeh, H., Büssing, A., Mehrnoush, N., Akbari, M. E., Karami, M., Tajalli, S., Mojen, L. K., & Rassouli, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1024009 · Cited by 9
“Since COVID-19 is considered a new disease and many things surrounding it are still unknown, it has caused confusion, anxiety, and fear among the general public and has affected the behavior of individuals in societies (Roy et al., 2020).”
BackgroundThe role of nutrition knowledge in dietary adjustments during COVID-19 pandemic
Onyenweaku, E. O., Fila, W. A., Akpanukoh, A. U., Kalu, M. K., Tchuenchieu, A. K., & Kesa, H. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15044 · Cited by 8
COVID-19 research in South Asia: a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most-cited articles
Naseer, B., Ali, M., & Azhar, N. (2023) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3205/dgkh000448 · Cited by 6
“The study entitled “Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceivedmental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic” [25] had the highest number of citations, i.”
BackgroundSocial stigmatization during pandemic
Евгеньевна, Т. С., Turkuletc, A. V., Listopadova, E. V., & Sokolskaya, M. V. (2020) · Социодинамика · doi:10.25136/2409-7144.2020.5.32945 · Cited by 6
Using rapid online survey to assess public perceptions of Covid-19 in Gambia
Lowe, M. (2020) · Pan African Medical Journal · doi:10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.2.22794 · Cited by 6
A Study of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Anxiety Levels of Young Adults in India
Mani, V. E., Sarkar, Z., & Gutti, N. B. (2020) · Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences · doi:10.14260/jemds/2020/485 · Cited by 6
Sharma, H., & Verma, S. (2020) · International Journal of Academic Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijam.ijam_47_20 · Cited by 6
Self-citationPsychological Resilience as a Risk Factor for Posttraumatic Growth: The Case of COVID-19 Pandemic
Bilge, Y., & Bi̇lge, Y. (2021) · Acibadem Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.31067/acusaglik.852182 · Cited by 5
Analysis of 2017 risk communication on Human Monkey Pox outbreak in Nigeria’s News Media
Ben-Enukora, C., Oyero, O. S., Okorie, N., Odiboh, O. O., & Adeyeye, B. (2020) · International Journal of Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.46300/9109.2020.14.9 · Cited by 6
Bela, G. S., Pusporini, L. S., Marwiyah, N., & Kuntarto, B. (2021) · Faletehan Health Journal · doi:10.33746/fhj.v8i01.198 · Cited by 6
Okoro, C. A., Onyenweaku, E. O., Okwudire, E. G., Kalu, M. K., Kusimo, O. C., & Williams, V. (2021) · Journal of Tuberculosis Research · doi:10.4236/jtr.2021.91002 · Cited by 6
Lendriyono, F. (2021) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/717/1/012039 · Cited by 6
“Besides, the Covid-19 pandemic has also been reported to cause mental health problems, such as insomnia, stress, anxiety, phobia to being exposed to viruses, and depression [4, 5].”
BackgroundBerni, I., Menouni, A., Filali-Zegzouti, Y., Kestemont, M., Godderis, L., & Jaâfari, S. E. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18115745 · Cited by 6
“Another study reported that the Indian population have an adequate knowledge about preventive aspects, and the attitude towards COVID-19 showed people’s willingness to follow government guidelines on quarantine and social distancing [25].”
BackgroundPreventive practices against COVID-19 among residents of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Almoayad, F. A., Amer, L. B., Mahboub, S. M., Alrabiah, A. M., & Alhashem, A. M. (2021) · The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries · doi:10.3855/jidc.13175 · Cited by 6
“In India, although people were only moderately knowledgeable about the disease itself, they had an adequate level of knowledge about preventive measures and showed a willingness to comply with the measures taken by the government [10].”
BackgroundAlahmad, W. R., Sasa, T. H., Bahtiti, N. H., Khuzai, R., Ahmad, W. A., & Al-Ayed, S. I. (2021) · Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology · doi:10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15994 · Cited by 6
“During the pandemic, most of the educated people and health professionals are aware of this infection, possible preventive measures and the importance of social distancing (1) The WHO advised measures; first avoiding close contact with persons suffering from acute respiratory infections, second frequent hand-washing m…”
Çocukların COVID-19 Pandemisine İlişkin Algılarının Çizdikleri Resimlere Yansıması
Tiryaki, Ö., Zengin, H., & Cinar, N. D. (2021) · Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi · doi:10.38108/ouhcd.877786 · Cited by 6
COVID-19 and environment: a poignant reminder of sustainability in the new normal
Srivastava, P., Dhyani, S., Emmanuel, M. A., & Khan, A. S. (2021) · Environmental Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s42398-021-00207-4 · Cited by 6
“Many Southeast Asian countries, where certain animals are catered for by humans, due to their religious beliefs and sentiments, reported man-animal conflicts (Roy 2020).”
BackgroundBouncing back from the pandemic? A psychosocial analysis of older adults in urban areas of Malaysia
Jamaluddin, F., Dawood, S. R. S., Ramli, M. W., & Som, S. H. M. (2022) · Cogent Arts and Humanities · doi:10.1080/23311983.2021.1996045 · Cited by 6
“Increased anxiety can lead to maladaptive behaviours, such as panic-buying, resulting in an overburdening of community resources due to a disproportionate increase in help-seeking behaviour (Garfin et al., 2020; Lim et al., 2021; Roy et al., 2020).”
BackgroundAlzaatreh, M., Al‐Maraira, O. A., Khrais, H. I., Alsadi, M., Abukmail, H., & Böttcher, B. (2022) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.13060 · Cited by 5
“Moreover, adherence to enforced control measures such as social distancing, travel ban, self-quarantine, and wearing face masks, were thought to be enforced by the rising public fear of getting infected with “unknown” novel COVID-19 infection (Atchison et al., 2020; Roy et al., 2020).”
BackgroundOdetokun, I. A., Al-Mustapha, A. I., Elnadi, H., Subedi, D., Ogundijo, O. A., & Oyewo, M. (2022) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0000737 · Cited by 6
Spatial governance for COVID-19 prevention and control in China's development zones
Li, D., Zhao, S., & Wang, X. (2022) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2022.104028 · Cited by 6
Pourgholam, N., Zareiyan, A., Farsi, Z., & Abbasiyan, K. (2022) · Journal of research in nursing · doi:10.1177/17449871221131181 · Cited by 6
“In line with these findings, another study showed that among the reasons for caregiving stress in nurses were the increase in demand for care, presence on the front lines of patient care and lack of personal protective equipment (Ruiz-Fernández et al., 2020; Willan et al., 2020).”
ResultHamdan‐Mansour, A. M., Khalifeh, A. H., Alshibi, A. N., Hamaideh, S. H., Al-Khair, F. A., Khraisat, O. M. A., & Alhalaiqa, F. (2023) · Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000559 · Cited by 6
Motta, M., & Benegal, S. D. (2023) · Public Understanding of Science · doi:10.1177/09636625231167735 · Cited by 6
“Many scholarly studies document increases in anxiety and fear attributable to the pandemic (e.g. Choi et al., 2020; Özdin and Özdin, 2020; Roy et al., 2020) across different nations, cultural contexts, and demographic groups.”
BackgroundHo, R., Olszewska-Guizzo, A. (., Roberts, A. C. (., Russo, A. (., & Kühn, S. (2023) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-3324-6 · Cited by 9
Tele-triaging: The Way Ahead for Tertiary Care Psychiatry in India Post-COVID-19
Reddy, P. V., Selvaraj, S., Muralidharan, K., & Gangadhar, B. N. (2020) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/0253717620937974 · Cited by 6
Cihan, E., Pirinççi, C. Ş., Gerçek, H., Ünüvar, B. S., & Demirdel, E. (2020) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · doi:10.22312/sdusbed.765212 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N., Verma, S. K., & Kaushal, V.
- Affiliations
- King George's Medical University (IN)
- Government of Uttar Pradesh (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Kar, Sujita Kumar
- ORCID
- Venue
- Asian Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 51
- Pages
- 102083
- ISSN
- 1876-2018 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7139237
- OpenAlex
- W3014597060
- Cited by
- 1,759
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 106 · 2023: 218 · 2022: 393 · 2021: 607 · 2020: 368
- FWCI
- 158.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Asian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › COVID-19 Prevention and Impact
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety, knowledge and attitudes, quarantine compliance, social distancing, sleep disorders, paranoia, preventive behavior, Indian adults
- MeSH terms
- Psychological Distress, COVID-19, Adult, Anxiety, Female, Humans, India, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Mental Health Services, Paranoid Disorders, Pneumonia, Viral, Sleep Wake Disorders, Infection Control, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics, Diagnostic Self Evaluation
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