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Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic
Open accessAbstract
Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) originating from China has rapidly crossed borders, infecting people throughout the whole world. This phenomenon has led to a massive public reaction; the media has been reporting continuously across borders to keep all informed about the pandemic situation. All these things are creating a lot of concern for people leading to heightened levels of anxiety. Pandemics can lead to heightened levels of stress; Anxiety is a common response to any stressful situation. This study attempted to assess the knowledge, attitude, anxiety experience, and perceived mental healthcare need among adult Indian population during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire using a non-probability snowball sampling technique. A total of 662 responses were received. The responders had a moderate level of knowledge about the COVID-19 infection and adequate knowledge about its preventive aspects. The attitude towards COVID-19 showed peoples' willingness to follow government guidelines on quarantine and social distancing. The anxiety levels identified in the study were high. More than 80 % of the people were preoccupied with the thoughts of COVID-19 and 72 % reported the need to use gloves, and sanitizers. In this study, sleep difficulties, paranoia about acquiring COVID-19 infection and distress related social media were reported in 12.5 %, 37.8 %, and 36.4 % participants respectively. The perceived mental healthcare need was seen in more than 80 % of participants. There is a need to intensify the awareness and address the mental health issues of people during this COVID-19 pandemic.
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“In the COVID-19 pandemic, as in other pandemics, fear, anxiety, and worries have been the major psychological consequences (Roy et al., 2020; Tandon, 2020a; Xiang et al., 2020).”
From Understanding coronaphobia (2020) · cites this paper as Roy et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Moreover, because of COVID-19, organizations providing humanitarian services, like the WFP, are experiencing a severe financial crisis as well as difficulty in keeping their food distribution cycle intact [14].”
From The Role of Blockchain to Fight Against COVID-19 (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Leveraging blockchain technology, international or national humanitarian organizations can remotely and securely help needy people buy free or subsidized food from local vendors [14].”
From The Role of Blockchain to Fight Against COVID-19 (2020) · cites this paper as [14]
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Citations
Cites
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The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence
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“distancing, self-quarantine, restriction of travel and the ever-spreading rumors in social media are also likely to affect mental health adversely (Banerjee, 2020).”
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Ebrahim, S. H., Ahmed, Q. A. A., Gozzer, E., Schlagenhauf, P., & Memish, Z. A. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1066 · Cited by 562 · cited 1×
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Yao, H., Chen, J.-H., & Xu, Y.-F. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102015 · Cited by 208 · cited 1×
“In this situation considering online mental health consultation might be more beneficial and it can deliver the consultation at the doorstep (Yao et al., 2020).”
Background
Cited by
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Items 101–200 of 1,000
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Psychomorbidity, Resilience, and Exacerbating and Protective Factors During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
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COVID-19’s Impact on Higher Education: A Rapid Review of Early Reactive Literature
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“Its advent, and spread, has caused a great deal of concern to people who were already living with an elevated degree of anxiety [10].”
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da Silva, M. L., Rocha, R. S. B., Buheji, M., Jahrami, H., & Cunha, K. D. C. (2020) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105320951620 · Cited by 114
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Pandemic as a Challenge to Subjective Well-Being: Anxiety and Coping
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Fear of COVID-19 and Mental Health: The Role of Mindfulness in During Times of Crisis
Belen, H. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00470-2 · Cited by 92
“…(Şahin et al., 2020), post-traumatic stress symptoms (Bo et al., 2020; Hao et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020), and particularly moderate to severe depressive symptoms (Belen, 2020; Holmes et al., 2020; Šljivo et al., 2020; Soraci et al., 2020) and anxiety (Cameron et al., 2020; Roy et al., 2020).”
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“Also, 6.2% of residents reported psychological problems, like boredom caused by prolonged isolation at home, nervousness and panic resulted from epidemic reports, which is much lower than the rate reported by Roy et al. (2020).”
ResultInfluentialOlaimat, A. N., Aolymat, I., Elsahoryi, N. A., Shahbaz, H. M., & Holley, R. A. (2020) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.20-0418 · Cited by 91
“dividuals about becoming infected with COVID-19, given the evident global effects,mayprompt them toadopt preventative behaviors.(13,14) The aim of the current study was to assess the attitudes, anxiety and behavioral practices toward COVID-19 among university students in Jordan.”
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RetractedFear of COVID‐19 and stigmatization towards infected people among Jordanian people
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Hillebrandt, A., & Barclay, L. J. (2022) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2612 · Cited by 94
“This insight is especially important given that some estimates indicate that 80% of the general population is experiencing heightened levels of state anxiety because of the COVID-19 pandemic (Roy et al., 2020; see also Huang & Zhao, 2020).”
BackgroundAn, M. H., You, S. C., Park, R. W., & Lee, S. (2021) · JMIR Medical Informatics · doi:10.2196/25435 · Cited by 84
“Anxiety about COVID-19 was measured using items published by Roy et al [40].”
MethodCórdova, A., Caballero-García, A., Drobnic, F., Roche, E., & Noriega, D. C. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11121787 · Cited by 131
“A higher percentage of the population indicated the need for psychological support to reduce the impact on their mental health [83].”
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“Different approaches are needed to mitigate the pandemic’s psychological effects (12, 13).”
BackgroundMeaning in Life, Religious Coping, and Loneliness During the Coronavirus Health Crisis in Turkey
Yıldırım, M., KIZILGEÇİT, M., Seçer, İ., Karabulut, F., ANGIN, Y., DAĞCI, A., Vural, M. E., Bayram, N. N., & Çinici, M. (2021) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-020-01173-7 · Cited by 104
Nurunnabi, M., Hossain, S. F. A., Chinna, K., Sundarasen, S., Khoshaim, H. B., Kamaludin, K., Baloch, G., Sukayt, A., & Shan, X. (2020) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.25557.1 · Cited by 82
Anxiety and Its Associated Factors During the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Anindyajati, G., Wiguna, T., Murtani, B. J., Christian, H., Wigantara, N. A., Putra, A. A., Hanafi, E., Minayati, K., Ismail, R. I., Kaligis, F., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.634585 · Cited by 92
“Several studies have indicated that lonely individuals are more likely to have anxiety and depression as they do not have adequate social support (37, 39, 61).”
BackgroundSharma, A. J., & Subramanyam, M. A. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238761 · Cited by 78
“Although these concerns warrant attention in the Indian context, we could locate only a few studies reporting the prevalence of depression and anxiety during the Covid-19 crisis in India, including a comparison across age and gender groups [27, 28].”
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“Roy et al. [1] reported that during the COVID-19 pandemic, sleep difficulties occurred in 12.5% of the participants, and problems related to social media occurred in 36.4% of the participants.”
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“Media influences mental wellbeing and adds to anxiety levels [69].”
BackgroundInfluentialImpact of COVID 19 lockdown on orthopaedic surgeons in India: A survey
Sahu, D., Agrawal, T. L., Rathod, V., & Bagaria, V. B. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma · doi:10.1016/j.jcot.2020.05.007 · Cited by 76
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Enhancing resiliency of perishable product supply chains in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak
Shanker, S., Barve, A., Muduli, K., Kumar, A., Garza-Reyes, J., & Joshi, S. (2021) · International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications · doi:10.1080/13675567.2021.1893671 · Cited by 66
“Frequent violations of social distancing norms have created a psychological impact on many people working in sectors involving essential items; vendors and wholesalers are especially at risk as mandis (vegetable markets) in India are densely crowd (Roy et al. 2020).”
BackgroundDomínguez‐Salas, S., Gómez-Salgado, J. C., Andrés-Villas, M., Díaz-Milanés, D., Romero‐Martín, M., & Ruíz-Frutos, C. (2020) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare8030190 · Cited by 76
“On the one hand, there are authors who reported that participants were generally aware of coronavirus [55], its symptoms [49,59], routes of transmission [52,59], and preventive measures [49,51].”
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The bitter lessons of COVID-19: Acknowledging and working through many points of tension
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“Research in the Indian context showed that the anxiety levels in the sample were high with more than 80% sample preoccupied with thoughts of coronavirus (Roy et al., 2020).”
BackgroundAntiporta, D. A., Cutipé, Y., Mendoza, M., Celentano, D. D., Stuart, E. A., & Bruni, A. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03107-3 · Cited by 87
Social factors and worry associated with COVID-19: Evidence from a large survey in China
Zhou, M., & Guo, W. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113934 · Cited by 70
“The outbreak of an infectious disease can lead to heightened levels of stress, and anxiety is a common response to any stressful situation (Roy et al., 2020; Usher et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSuperio, D. L., Anderson, K. L., Oducado, R. M. F., Luceño, M. T., Palcullo, V. E. V., & Bendalian, M. V. T. (2021) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102414 · Cited by 73
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Hu, J., Ye, B., Yıldırım, M., & Yang, Q. (2022) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2022.2038385 · Cited by 69
“Such inadaptation can easily cause people to have adverse psychological, social, and physiological problems (Roy et al., 2020) and decrease levels of life satisfaction.”
BackgroundCharacterizing public emotions and sentiments in COVID-19 environment: A case study of India
Das, S., & Dutta, A. K. (2020) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2020.1781015 · Cited by 69
“A recent survey study (Roy et al., 2020) showed that the anxiety levels of the participants were high.”
BackgroundSocioeconomic impact of COVID ‐19 pandemic: Evidence from rural mountain community in Pakistan
Ali, A., Ahmed, M., & Hassan, N. (2020) · Journal of Public Affairs · doi:10.1002/pa.2355 · Cited by 77
Soltan, E. M., El-Zoghby, S. M., & Salama, H. M. (2020) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-020-00640-2 · Cited by 70
“In parallel to this, many myths and fake news spread in the general public, and with the extensive use of social media, they highly pervade causing more stress, fear, confusion, and anxiety among individuals [16].”
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“Before proceeding to fulfill the questionnaire, the objective of the study, the informed consent of participation, the declaration of anonymity and confidentiality of their responses was briefed in a good manner in the questionnaire [7].”
BackgroundMethodUsing Fear and Anxiety Related to COVID-19 to Predict Cyberchondria: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Wu, X., Nazari, N., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/26285 · Cited by 74
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Rias, Y. A., Rosyad, Y. S., Chipojola, R., Wiratama, B. S., Safitri, C. I. N. H., Weng, S. F., Yang, C. Y., & Tsai, H. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9123798 · Cited by 77
“More than 80% of the general population is aware that mental health concerns need to be addressed [15].”
BackgroundResultKnowledge, attitude and anxiety of medical students about the current COVID-19 outbreak in Turkey
Yakar, B., Kaygusuz, T. Ö., Pi̇ri̇nçci̇, E., Önalan, E., & Ertekin, Y. H. (2020) · Family practice and palliative care · doi:10.22391/fppc.737469 · Cited by 65
Goals and Self-Efficacy Beliefs During the Initial COVID-19 Lockdown: A Mixed Methods Analysis
Ritchie, L., Cervone, D., & Sharpe, B. T. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.559114 · Cited by 66
“, 2020), citing reductions in positive emotions, sleep disturbances, and increased feelings of anger and anxiety (Cava et al., 2005; Roy et al., 2020).”
BackgroundFaruk Caner, Y. A. M., Korkmaz, O., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02324-z · Cited by 69
“…found that social isolation during the COVID-19 period, the increasing use of the internet and technological devices, and the easy access to all kinds of information about the virus online may cause the increase of cyberchondria behavior during the pandemic period (Rovetta & Bhagavathula, 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialPandemias, COVID-19 y Salud Mental: ¿Qué Sabemos Actualmente?
Martínez‐Taboas, A. (2020) · Revista Caribeña de Psicología · doi:10.37226/rcp.v4i2.4907 · Cited by 100
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Bekele, F., Sheleme, T., Fekadu, G., & Bekele, K. (2020) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/2050312120970721 · Cited by 65
Kakemam, E., Ghoddoosi-Nejad, D., Chegini, Z., Momeni, K., Salehiniya, H., Hassanipour, S., Ameri, H., & Arab‐Zozani, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.585302 · Cited by 63
“This compares with studies in various countries, including China (16), USA (17), and India (18), revealing that people are highly aware of coronavirus, due to information in the mass media, including radio, television, social media, and official authorities’ efforts like the Ministry of Health programs.”
BackgroundResultBray, L., Carter, B., Blake, L., Saron, H., Kirton, J. A., Robichaud, F., de Ávila, M. A. G., Ford, K., Nafría, B., Forsner, M., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246405 · Cited by 63
“However, despite this, research has shown that adults have low levels of health literacy in relation to this virus with many being unable to identify symptoms of infection [7] or appreciate that the virus is contagious [8].”
The COVID-19 Lockdown Effect on the Intention to Purchase Sustainable Brands
Alexa, L., Apetrei, A., & Sapena, J. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13063241 · Cited by 70
Çelık, D., Meral, M. E., & Waseem, M. (2022) · Sustainable Energy Grids and Networks · doi:10.1016/j.segan.2022.100728 · Cited by 62
Fontana, B. D., Müller, T. E., Cleal, M., de Abreu, M. S., Norton, W., Demin, K. A., Amstislavskaya, T. G., Petersen, E. V., Kalueff, A. V., Parker, M. O., et al. (2021) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.101993 · Cited by 61
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“It has become an imminent threat not only to the mental wellbeing of the people but also to the global economy and entire health security of effected countries (Roy et al., 2020; Xiao, 2020; Zhu et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMethodLevante, A., Petrocchi, S., Bianco, F., Castelli, I., Colombi, C., Keller, R., Narzisi, A., Masi, G., & Lecciso, F. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11060808 · Cited by 64
“, layoffs, pay cuts, or working from home), financial instability, the fear of the contagiousness of the disease [36], the limited access to health care services, and online learning conditions had an impact on caregiving skills, impairing parents’ ability to deal with their children during the emergence of COVID-19 […”
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“The Bangla DASS-21 has proven to be a reliable and relevant test for the assessment of mental health in the Bangladeshi population (Alim et al., 2015; Khan et al., 2020; Sadiq et al., 2019).”
BackgroundEffects of Fear of COVID-19 on Mental Well-Being and Quality of Life among Saudi Adults
Alyami, M. M., de Albuquerque, J. V., Krägeloh, C. U., Alyami, H., & Henning, M. A. (2020) · Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_630_20 · Cited by 62
Awareness and perception of COVID-19 among the general population: A Middle Eastern survey
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Challenges Encountered by Healthcare Providers in COVID-19 Times: An Exploratory Study
Sengupta, M., Roy, A., Ganguly, A., Baishya, K., Chakrabarti, S., & Mukhopadhyay, I. (2021) · Journal of Health Management · doi:10.1177/09720634211011695 · Cited by 48
“Managing finances has been burdensome for many healthcare personnel (Roy et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMohammadi, F., Masoumi, Z., Oshvandi, K., Khazaei, S., & Bijani, M. (2022) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-022-00931-0 · Cited by 56
“Likewise, Roy (2020) states that during the COVID-19 crisis, nurses have suffered from stress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [19].”
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“Moreover, in India, it was found that a higher level of knowledge on COVID-19 was associated with the high-risk perception of contracting the infection during the consistent lockdown period [28].”
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Emerging mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic: An Indian perspective
Dalal, P., Roy, D., Choudhary, P., Kar, S. K., & Tripathi, A. (2020) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_372_20 · Cited by 56
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COVID-19 Pandemic and Stress: Coping with the New Normal
Bhattacharjee, A., & Ghosh, T. (2021) · Journal of Prevention and Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/26320770211050058 · Cited by 66
“These issues were seen among different population groups ranging from children to older people, frontline workers, and people with pre-existing physical and mental health issues (Roy et al., 2020; Torales et al., 2020).”
BackgroundKar, S. K., Oyetunji, T. P., Prakash, A. J., Ogunmola, O. A., Tripathy, S., Lawal, M. M., Sanusi, Z. K., & Arafat, S. M. Y. (2020) · Neurology Psychiatry and Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.npbr.2020.10.003 · Cited by 60
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“During this pandemic, people experience anxiety, depression, and panic related to COVID-19, and there is a higher perceived mental healthcare need (Roy et al., 2020).”
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“This does not exempt Educational institutions because many universities, especially rural universities, were left with uncertainty and unavoidable postponement of classroom activities and examinations (Roy et al., 2020).”
BackgroundAlsyouf, A., Masa’deh, R. M. T., Albugami, M. A., Al‐Bsheish, M., Lutfi, A., & Alsubahi, N. (2021) · Risks · doi:10.3390/risks9100179 · Cited by 56
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“After the epidemic, it is believed that many people has healthcare needs (Roy et al., 2020), and people’s health awareness has largely increased (Rundle et al.”
Psychological distress during the COVID-19 epidemic in Chile: The role of economic uncertainty
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Psychological impact of ‘Lockdown’ due to COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: An online survey
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“The survey questionnaire consisted of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (Kroenke et al., 2001) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder – 7 (GAD -7) Scale (Spitzer et al., 2006).”
MethodHarjule, P., Rahman, A., & Agarwal, B. (2021) · Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics · doi:10.1080/09720502.2021.1889780 · Cited by 52
“The spread of this infectious disease created an environment of uncertainty and anxiety among people especially in school children and their parents (Roy et al. 2020; Bhatnagar et al. 2020).”
BackgroundÖzlü, İ., Öztürk, Z., Özlü, Z. K., Tekin, E., & Gür, A. K. (2021) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12750 · Cited by 52
Fear of COVID-19 in Madrid. Will patients avoid dental care?
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“Moreover, the unavailability of PPE and seeing/hearing of colleagues getting infected and being on a ventilator were also significantly associated with a fear of getting infected [3, 13].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialStigma Associated with COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers in Indonesia
Yufika, A., Rovy Pratama, X., Anwar, S., Winardi, W., Librianty, N., Prashanti, N. A. P., Sari, T. W., Utomo, P. S., Dwiamelia, T., Natha, P. P. C., et al. (2021) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1017/dmp.2021.93 · Cited by 51
Metadata
- Authors
- Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S. K., Sharma, N., Verma, S. K., & Kaushal, V.
- Affiliations
- King George's Medical University (IN)
- Government of Uttar Pradesh (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Kar, Sujita Kumar
- ORCID
- Venue
- Asian Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 51
- Pages
- 102083
- ISSN
- 1876-2018 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7139237
- OpenAlex
- W3014597060
- Cited by
- 1,759
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 106 · 2023: 218 · 2022: 393 · 2021: 607 · 2020: 368
- FWCI
- 158.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Asian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › COVID-19 Prevention and Impact
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety, knowledge and attitudes, quarantine compliance, social distancing, sleep disorders, paranoia, preventive behavior, Indian adults
- MeSH terms
- Psychological Distress, COVID-19, Adult, Anxiety, Female, Humans, India, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Mental Health Services, Paranoid Disorders, Pneumonia, Viral, Sleep Wake Disorders, Infection Control, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics, Diagnostic Self Evaluation
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