Prevalence of multiple chronic disease risk factors

Fine, Lawrence J; Philogene, G.Stephane; Gramling, Robert; Coups, Elliot J; Sinha, Sarbajit

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.017

Cited by 434Cardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsHealth Promotion and Cardiovascular PreventionHealth and Lifestyle Studies

Prevalence of multiple chronic disease risk factors

Fine, Lawrence J, Philogene, G.Stephane, Gramling, Robert, Coups, Elliot J, Sinha, Sarbajit·2004·American Journal of Preventive Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.017

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Abstract

Background Four common factors--cigarette smoking, risky drinking of alcoholic beverages, physical inactivity, and overweight--contribute substantially to chronic disease prevalence.Methods We used data from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey to provide an up-to-date picture of multiple risk factor prevalence and clustering in the U.S. population. We conducted a multinomial logit analysis to examine the independent association between each covariate and the dependent ordinal risk factor variable with three levels (none or one risk factor, two risk factors, and three or four risk factors).Results Seventeen percent of the sample of 29,183 subjects had three or more risk factors. For the entire sample, the mean number of risk factors was 1.68 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.66-1.70). Many demographic and health factors were significantly associated with the mean number of risk factors including gender, age, ethnic/racial categories, education, martial status, presence of chronic diseases, level of mental distress, country of birth, and presence and type of health insurance. Using the risk factor score as the ordinal dependent variable, adjusted odds for having a risk score of three or four versus zero or one were as follows: men aged <65, 2.49 (95% CI=2.29-2.72); education attainment of high school graduate or less, 3.24 (95% CI=2.86-3.67); and individuals with high levels of mental distress, 2.06 (95% CI=1.65-2.58).Conclusions Our analyses confirm earlier reports of the high prevalence of multiple, clustered behavioral risk factors and underline the challenge this presents for primary care and public health systems.

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In the United States, the majority of adults have more than 1 out of the 4 main health risks (smoking, risky alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and overweight).
“In the United States, the majority of adults have more than 1 out of the 4 main health risks (smoking, risky alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and overweight ) [15]”
From Personal Health Technologies in Employee Health Promotion: Usage Activity, Usefulness, and Health-Related Outcomes in a 1-Year Randomized Controlled Trial (2013) · cites this paper as [15]

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Authors: Fine, L. J., Philogene, G. S., Gramling, R., Coups, E. J., & Sinha, S.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Brown University (US)
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author: Fine, Lawrence J
ORCID: Gramling, Robert
Coups, Elliot J
Venue: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-08
Volume: 27
Issue: 2
Pages: 18-24
ISSN: 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.017
OpenAlex: W1519124291
Cited by: 434
References: 18
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 11.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Lifestyle Studies
Keywords: risk factor clustering, cigarette smoking, hazardous drinking, physical inactivity, overweight, behavioral risk factors, prevalence, demographic associations, psychological distress, educational attainment, health insurance, primary care
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Chronic Disease, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Insurance, Health, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Prevalence

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