Cited by 134Urban Transport and AccessibilityUrban Green Space and HealthUrban Design and Spatial Analysis

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Neighborhood Design and Walking

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Wells, Nancy M., Yang, Yizhao·2008·American Journal of Preventive Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.01.019

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Abstract

Background Few studies have employed longitudinal data to examine associations between the physical environment and walking.Methods Using cross-sectional (n=70) and longitudinal (n=32) data (collected 2003-2006), associations of neighborhood design and demographics with walking were examined. Participants were low-income, primarily African-American women in the southeastern U.S. Through a natural experiment, some women relocated to neo-traditional communities (experimental group) and others moved to conventional suburban neighborhoods (control group).Results Post-move cross-sectional comparisons indicated that women in neo-traditional neighborhoods did not, on average, walk more than women in suburban neighborhoods. Race and household size were significant predictors of physical activity. Additionally, using longitudinal data, this study controlled for the effects of pre-move walking and demographics. Analyses examined the effects of environmental factors (e.g., density, land-use mix, street-network patterns) on post-move walking. Women who moved to places with fewer culs-de-sac, on average, walked more. Unexpectedly, increases in land-use mix were associated with less walking.Conclusions Results suggest that neo-traditional neighborhood features alone (e.g., sidewalks, front porches, small set-back distances) may not be enough to affect walking; however, changes in street patterns may play a role.

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Authors: Wells, N. M., & Yang, Y.
Affiliations: Cornell University (US)
University of Oregon (US)
Corresponding author: Wells, Nancy M.
ORCID: Wells, Nancy M.
Yang, Yizhao
Venue: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-04
Volume: 34
Issue: 4
Pages: 313-319
ISSN: 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.01.019
OpenAlex: W2110185743
Cited by: 134
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 20.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Green Space and Health
Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Design and Spatial Analysis
Keywords: neighbourhood design, walking, physical activity, suburbs, mixed land use, density, African American women, low-income women, relocation, sidewalks, front porches, household size, race
MeSH terms: Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environment Design, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Population Dynamics, Residence Characteristics, Southeastern United States, Body Mass Index, Walking

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