Environmental Determinants of Outdoor Play in Children
Open accessAbstract
Background Outdoor play is a cheap and natural way for children to be physically active.Purpose This study aims to identify physical as well as social correlates of outdoor play in the home and neighborhood environment among children of different age groups.Methods Cross-sectional data were derived from 6470 parents of children from 42 primary schools in four Dutch cities by means of questionnaires (2007-2008). Multivariate sequential Poisson GEE analyses were conducted (2010) to quantify the correlation between physical and social home and neighborhood characteristics and outdoor play among boys and girls aged 4-6 years, 7-9 years, and 10-12 years.Results This study showed that next to proximal (home) environmental characteristics such as parental education (RR=0.93-0.97); the importance parents pay to outdoor play (RR=1.32-1.75); and the presence of electronic devices in the child's own room (RR=1.04-1.15), several neighborhood characteristics were significantly associated with children's outdoor play. Neighborhood social cohesion was related to outdoor play in five of six subgroups (RR=1.01-1.02), whereas physical neighborhood characteristics (e.g., green neighborhood type, presence of water, diversity of routes) were associated with outdoor play in specific subgroups only.Conclusions Neighborhood social cohesion was related to outdoor play among children of different age and gender, which makes it a promising point of action for policy development. Policies aimed at improving physical neighborhood characteristics in relation to outdoor play should take into account age and gender of the target population.
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Barriers to outdoor physical activity in one's yard or driveway, such as inclement weather or lack of outdoor space available at one's place of residence, may explain the pattern of displacement to home or garage.
“Barriers to outdoor PA in one’s yard or driveway such as inclement weather [41, 42] (especially in the Northern states in late April) or lack of outdoor space available at one’s place of residence [43] may explain this pattern.”
From Early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior in children living in the U.S. (2020) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- Aarts, M.-J., Wendel-Vos, W., van Oers, H. A. M., van de Goor, I. A. M., & Schuit, A. J.
- Affiliations
- Tilburg University (NL)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Aarts, Marie-Jeanne
- ORCID
- Schuit, Albertine J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-09
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 212-219
- ISSN
- 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1893866548
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 10.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Research portal (Tilburg University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Rivm (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- ZonMw, The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (71600003)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- outdoor play, children, neighborhood environment, family environment, neighborhood cohesion, green spaces, physical activity, parental education, age and gender differences
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Netherlands, Play and Playthings, Surveys and Questionnaires, Residence Characteristics, Sex Factors, Social Environment, Multivariate Analysis, Poisson Distribution
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