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Cited by 68Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild and Adolescent HealthFamily and Disability Support Research

Developmental and Autism Screening Through 2-1-1

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Roux, Anne M., Herrera, Patricia, Wold, Cheryl M., Dunkle, Margaret C., Glascoe, Frances P., Shattuck, Paul T.·2012·American Journal of Preventive Medicine
DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.08.011PMC PMC3762979
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Abstract

Background Developmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), are increasing in prevalence. Early identification is necessary for early intervention, which is critical for reducing challenges and lifetime costs, especially for ASDs. Because not all children have equal access to developmental and autism screening through primary care settings, nontraditional methods are needed to reach underserved populations.Purpose In this proof-of-concept study, the 2-1-1 Los Angeles County Developmental Screening Project (2-1-1 LA Project) provided developmental and autism screening by telephone in a population of low-income and racially and ethnically diverse children.Methods Aggregate data were reviewed for 2845 children who were screened for developmental delays using the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) instrument and/or autism using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) instrument between September 1, 2009, and October 31, 2011.Results Data analysis was conducted December 2011 through February 2012. A majority of children (56%) screened with the PEDS had a moderate to high risk of developmental delays, including 28.2% classified as high-risk, which indicates need for further evaluation. Among 1605 children screened with the M-CHAT, 21.2% had an elevated risk of ASDs. Follow-up care coordination was provided for 2625 children to facilitate completion of referrals for diagnostic evaluation, early childhood education, and other developmental or behavioral needs.Conclusions The project's approach enhanced access to screenings and referral uptake in a population of children that may have difficulty accessing primary care. Findings suggest the potential of nontraditional developmental screening models.

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  • 2-1-1 call centers have been established throughout the country and are available to 99% of the US population.

    “Meanwhile, 2–1-1 call centers have been established throughout the country, available to 99% of the US population,15, 16 to help identify and connect individuals with unmet social needs to supportive services.”

    From Sustained Effectiveness of a 211 Call Center With Early Childhood Care Coordination (2025) · cites this paper as [16]

    The Discussion refers to nationwide projects using the 2-1-1 system, supporting the claim that it operates beyond Los Angeles. Neither that passage nor the Methods description of 2-1-1 LA states that call centers are available to 99% of the US population. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • 211 LA's program was designed to help with early identification of developmental and behavioral needs among families with young children who were calling 211 LA for other services.

    “211 LA's program was designed to help with the early identification of DB needs among families with young children, who at the time, were calling 211 LA for a wide range of other services.25”

    From Early Childhood Care Coordination Through 211: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [25]

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [11]Shattuck PT Constantino JN Fitzgerald RT Disparities in the age of ASD diagnosis in St. Louis. CDC. Contract UR3/CCR723237-02 Research conference poster 2009
  2. [34]Glascoe FP Parents’ evaluation of developmental status: online (PEDS online) Nashville TN Ellsworth and Vandermeer Press, LLC 2010

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Authors
Roux, A. M., Herrera, P., Wold, C. M., Dunkle, M. C., Glascoe, F. P., & Shattuck, P. T.
Affiliations
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
  • George Washington University (US)
  • Vanderbilt University (US)
Corresponding author
Roux, Anne M.
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-12
Volume
43
Issue
6
Pages
S457-S463
ISSN
0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.amepre.2012.08.011
PMC
PMC3762979
OpenAlex
W1564320353
Cited by
68
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 8
FWCI
3.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH019960)
  • National Cancer Institute (P50CA095815)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Child and Adolescent Health
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, developmental screening, telephone screening, 2-1-1 helpline, low-income children, underserved populations, early detection, referral uptake, PEDS, M-CHAT, primary care access, Los Angeles County
MeSH terms
Autistic Disorder, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Ethnicity, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Infant, Information Services, Male, Mass Screening, Medically Underserved Area, Poverty, Primary Health Care, Referral and Consultation, Risk Factors, Telephone, Los Angeles, Racial Groups

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