A Systematic Review of Early Intensive Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders
Abstract
CONTEXT: Early intensive behavioral and developmental interventions for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may enhance developmental outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence regarding such interventions for children aged 12 and younger with ASDs. METHODS: We searched Medline, PsycINFO, and ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) from 2000 to May 2010. Two reviewers independently assessed studies against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted data regarding participant and intervention characteristics, assessment techniques, and outcomes and assigned overall quality and strength-of-evidence ratings using predetermined criteria. RESULTS: Thirty-four unique studies met inclusion criteria. Seventeen studies were case series; 2 were randomized controlled trials. We rated 1 study as good quality, 10 as fair quality, and 23 as poor quality. The strength of the evidence overall ranged from insufficient to low. Studies of University of California Los Angeles/Lovaas–based interventions and variants reported clinically significant gains in language and cognitive skills in some children, as did 1 randomized controlled trial of an early intensive developmental intervention approach (the Early Start Denver Model). Specific parent-training approaches yielded gains in short-term language function and some challenging behaviors. Data suggest that subgroups of children displayed more prominent gains across studies, but participant characteristics associated with greater gains are not well understood. CONCLUSIONS: Studies of Lovaas-based approaches and early intensive behavioral intervention variants and the Early Start Denver Model resulted in some improvements in cognitive performance, language skills, and adaptive behavior skills in some young children with ASDs, although the literature is limited by methodologic concerns.
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Efficacy of very early intervention for improving short-term outcomes in ASD has led scientists to develop diagnostic measures for children under age 2 to begin treatments as early as possible.
“Efficacy of very early intervention for improving short-term outcomes in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has led scientists to develop diagnostic measures for children under the age of 2 in order to begin treatments as early as possible.”
Reinforcement-based interventions fail to benefit a substantial number of individuals with ASD.
“Although it is well established and has proven efficacious at the group level, this approach fails to benefit a substantial number of individuals on the autistic spectrum [4-6].”
From Social “wanting” dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
Later programs focusing on functional analysis of problem behaviors were more successful in addressing core deficits.
“Later programs focusing on the functional (that is, contextual) analysis of problem behaviors were more successful in addressing core deficits [3,5,6,32,42,190-196].”
From Social “wanting” dysfunction in autism: neurobiological underpinnings and treatment implications (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Warren, Z., McPheeters, M. L., Sathe, N., Foss-Feig, J. H., Glasser, A., & Veenstra-VanderWeele, J.
- Affiliations
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics,
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Vanderbilt Evidence-Based Practice Center, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, and
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, and
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2011-05-01
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e1303-e1311
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2155277287
- Cited by
- 790
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 105 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 4.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Council of Thailand
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, early intensive intervention, behavioral interventions, developmental intervention, Early Start Denver Model, parent training, language skills, cognitive performance, adaptive behavior, young children, intervention outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Behavior Therapy, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Severity of Illness Index, United States, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Early Intervention, Educational, Early Diagnosis
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