Screening for Depression in African-American Churches
Open accessAbstract
Introduction Substantial racial/ethnic disparities exist in the identification and management of major depression. Faith-Based Health Promotion interventions reduce disparities in health screenings for numerous medical conditions. However, the feasibility of systematically screening for depression in faith-based settings has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a validated instrument to screen for depression in African-American churches.Methods Participants were recruited between October and November 2012 at three predominantly African-American churches in New York City. A participatory research approach was used to determine screening days. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was administered to 122 participants. Positive depression screen was defined as a PHQ-9 score ≥10. Descriptive statistics were used to report sample characteristics, prevalence of participants who screened positive, and history of help seeking. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association of positive depression screen and sociodemographic characteristics. Initial analyses were conducted in 2013, with additional analyses in 2014.Results The prevalence estimate for positive depression screen was 19.7%. More men (22.5%) screened positive than women (17.7%). Total household income was inversely related to positive depression screen. A similar percentage of respondents had previously sought help from primary care providers as from clergy.Conclusions It was feasible to screen for depression with the PHQ-9 in African-American churches. The prevalence of positive depression screen was high, especially among black men. Churches may be an important setting in which to identify depressive symptoms in this underserved population.
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In Hankerson et al., none of the participants who screened positive requested community mental health referrals, even though these were offered.
“none of the participants who screened positive requested community mental health referrals, even though these were offered”
From Community Interventions to Promote Mental Health and Social Equity (2019) · cites this paper as [38]
In Hankerson et al., 19.7% of 122 community members screened at three predominantly African American Christian mega churches reported moderate depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10), which the authors noted is higher than is seen in African American community samples.
“19.7% of those screened reported moderate depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10), in which the authors noted is higher than is seen in African American community samples”
From Community Interventions to Promote Mental Health and Social Equity (2019) · cites this paper as [38]
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Factors critical for implementing a sustainable depression intervention in faith-based settings
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- Authors
- Hankerson, S. H., Lee, Y. A., Brawley, D. K., Braswell, K., Wickramaratne, P. J., & Weissman, M. M.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hankerson, Sidney H.
- Venue
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 526-533
- ISSN
- 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4575828
- OpenAlex
- W1491719870
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 5.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (#17694)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Keywords
- depression screening, African American churches, faith-based health promotion, PHQ-9, racial and ethnic disparities, depression prevalence, help-seeking, clergy, Black men, household income, feasibility
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Black or African American, Depression, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, New York City, Protestantism, Community-Based Participatory Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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