The Longitudinal Impact of an Internet Safety Decision Aid for Abused Women
Open accessAbstract
Introduction Women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) navigate complex, dangerous decisions. Tailored safety information and safety planning, typically provided by domestic violence service providers, can prevent repeat IPV exposure and associated adverse health outcomes; however, few abused women access these services. The Internet represents a potentially innovative way to connect abused women with tailored safety planning resources and information. The purpose of this study was to compare safety and mental health outcomes at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months among abused women randomized to: (1) a tailored, Internet-based safety decision aid; or (2) control website (typical safety information available online).Design Multistate, community-based longitudinal RCT with one-to-one allocation ratio and blocked randomization. Data were collected March 2011-May 2013 and analyzed June-July 2015.Setting/participants Currently abused Spanish- or English-speaking women (N=720).Intervention A tailored Internet-based safety decision aid included priority-setting activities, risk assessment, and tailored feedback and safety plans. A control website offered typical safety information available online.Main outcome measures Primary outcomes were decisional conflict, safety behaviors, and repeat IPV; secondary outcomes included depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.Results At 12 months, there were no significant group differences in IPV, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Intervention women experienced significantly less decisional conflict after one use (β= -2.68, p=0.042) and greater increase in safety behaviors they rated as helpful from baseline to 12 months (12% vs 9%, p=0.033) and were more likely to have left the abuser (63% vs 53%, p=0.008). Women who left had higher baseline risk (14.9 vs 13.1, p=0.003) found more of the safety behaviors they tried helpful (61.1% vs 47.5%, p<0.001), and had greater reductions in psychological IPV ((11.69 vs 7.5, p=0.001) and sexual IPV (2.41 vs 1.25, p=0.001) than women who stayed.Conclusions Internet-based safety planning represents a promising tool to reduce the public health impact of IPV.
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The power analysis was based on baseline means and standard deviations for depression and PTSD from the IRIS trial.
“The power analysis was based on baseline means and standard deviations for depression and PTSD from the IRIS trial [37].”
From Longitudinal impacts of an online safety and health intervention for women experiencing intimate partner violence: randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
The Introduction identifies this study as the Internet Resource for Intervention and Safety (IRIS) trial, and Methods > Measures confirms that it assessed depression and PTSD. The available passages do not give baseline means and standard deviations for those outcomes, so they do not verify the stated inputs to the citing authors’ power analysis (page numbers unavailable). (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBetween-group differences were only found in the US-based IRIS study, where the tailored intervention was more effective than general online information in reducing decisional conflict after one use of the tool and in increasing the use of helpful safety actions over a 12-month period.
“However, between-group differences were only found in the US-based IRIS study, where the tailored intervention was more effective than general online information in reducing decisional conflict after one use of the tool and in increasing the use of helpful safety actions over a 12-month period [37].”
From Longitudinal impacts of an online safety and health intervention for women experiencing intimate partner violence: randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
In trials completed in the US (IRIS), NZ (I-SAFE) and Australia (I-DECIDE), women in both study arms improved over time on most primary and secondary outcomes.
“In trials completed in the US (IRIS) [37], NZ (I-SAFE) [38] and Australia (I-DECIDE) [39], women in both study arms (tailored online intervention, general information) improved over time on most primary and secondary outcomes.”
From Longitudinal impacts of an online safety and health intervention for women experiencing intimate partner violence: randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
The lack of differences by study arm is consistent with the overall pattern of results found in 3 completed trials that also tested versions of a tailored intervention with the same core components, modified to fit different countries and contexts, against a non-tailored intervention [25, 37-39].
“The lack of differences by study arm is consistent with the overall pattern of results found in 3 completed trials that also tested versions of a tailored intervention with the same core components, modified to fit different countries and contexts, against a non-tailored intervention [25, 37–39].”
From Longitudinal impacts of an online safety and health intervention for women experiencing intimate partner violence: randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
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- Authors
- Glass, N. E., Perrin, N. A., Hanson, G. C., Bloom, T. L., Messing, J. T., Clough, A. S., Campbell, J. C., Gielen, A. C., Case, J., & Eden, K. B.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- University of Missouri (US)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Glass, Nancy E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 606-615
- ISSN
- 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9703467
- OpenAlex
- W2577328310
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 10.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH085641)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- intimate partner violence, safety planning, decision aids, online intervention, battered women, decisional conflict, safety behavior, leaving abusive relationships, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychological violence, sexual abuse, risk assessment, personalized feedback, Spanish-speaking women
- MeSH terms
- Academic Medical Centers, Adult, Decision Making, Computer-Assisted, Decision Support Techniques, Depression, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Safety, Spouse Abuse, United States, Domestic Violence, Risk Assessment, Battered Women, Internet, Young Adult
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