Cited by 1,550Intimate Partner and Family ViolenceHomicide, Infanticide, and Child AbuseGun Ownership and Violence Research

Risk Factors for Femicide in Abusive Relationships: Results From a Multisite Case Control Study

Open access
Campbell, Jacquelyn C., Webster, Daniel, Koziol-McLain, Jane, Block, Carolyn, Campbell, Doris, Curry, Mary Ann, Gary, Faye, Glass, Nancy +10 more·2003·American Journal of Public Health

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This 11-city study sought to identify risk factors for femicide in abusive relationships. METHODS: Proxies of 220 intimate partner femicide victims identified from police or medical examiner records were interviewed, along with 343 abused control women. RESULTS: Preincident risk factors associated in multivariate analyses with increased risk of intimate partner femicide included perpetrator's access to a gun and previous threat with a weapon, perpetrator's stepchild in the home, and estrangement, especially from a controlling partner. Never living together and prior domestic violence arrest were associated with lowered risks. Significant incident factors included the victim having left for another partner and the perpetrator's use of a gun. Other significant bivariate-level risks included stalking, forced sex, and abuse during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: There are identifiable risk factors for intimate partner femicides.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2105/ajph.93.7.1089

Cites

36 of 36 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Separation from an abusive partner is often thought to be the solution to ending violence; yet, abuse and the risk for lethality often escalates following separation.

    “Separation from an abusive partner is often thought to be the solution to ending violence; yet, abuse and the risk for lethality often escalates following separation”

    From Post‐separation abuse: A concept analysis (2023) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 2003

  • Approximately 44% of women murdered by intimate partners were separated from their partners when killed.

    “Estimating from the Campbell et al. (2003) 12-city intimate partner femicide study, approximately 44% of those women were separated from their partners when killed.”

    From Post‐separation abuse: A concept analysis (2023) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 2003

  • The first 3 months and the first year following separation are the most lethal, with the risk declining over time.

    “The first 3 months and the first year following separation are the most lethal, with the risk declining over time (Campbell et al., 2003; Campbell et al., 2007).”

    From Post‐separation abuse: A concept analysis (2023) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 2003

  • The move into threat mirrors escalation often seen in domestic violence and abuse when the perpetrator senses they have lost control of the victim or the victim is going to leave the relationship.

    “The move into threat mirrors the escalation often seen in domestic violence and abuse when the perpetrator senses they have lost control of the victim or they are going to leave the relationship (Campbell et al. 2003).”

    From The Language of Romance Crimes (2024) · cites this paper as Campbell et al. 2003

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Campbell, J. C., Webster, D., Koziol-McLain, J., Block, C., Campbell, D., Curry, M. A., Gary, F., Glass, N., McFarlane, J., Sachs, C., Sharps, P., Ulrich, Y., Wilt, S. A., Manganello, J., Xu, X., Schollenberger, J., Frye, V., & Laughon, K.
Affiliations
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Jacquelyn C. Campbell, Phyllis Sharps, and Kathryn Laughon are with the School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. Daniel Webster, Jennifer Manganello, and Janet Schollenberger are with the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Jane Koziol-McLain is with the School of Nursing, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand. Carolyn Rebecca Block is with the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority, Chicago. Doris Campbell is with the College of...
Venue
American Journal of Public Health
Published
2003-07
Volume
93
Issue
7
Pages
1089-1097
ISSN
  • 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
  • 1541-0048
OpenAlex
W2145963088
Cited by
1,550
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 63 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 136 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 102 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 45
FWCI
37.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Mental Health
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA/AA 11156)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
  • Social Sciences › Health › Gun Ownership and Violence Research
Keywords
femicide, intimate partner violence, risk factors, domestic violence, firearm access, stepchildren, estrangement, separation from partner, stalking, forced sex, murder victims
MeSH terms
Adult, Female, Homicide, Humans, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Spouse Abuse, United States, Urban Population, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies, Battered Women

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review