Joint Hypermobility Syndrome: Recognizing a Commonly Overlooked Cause of Chronic Pain
Abstract
Joint hypermobility syndrome, also known as benign hypermobility syndrome, is a connective tissue disease characterized by joint instability, chronic pain, and minor skin changes. It shares many clinical features of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Hypermobility Type; enough so that many authorities consider them as one disease process. Approximately 3% of the general population is believed to have joint hypermobility syndrome, but despite this high prevalence, due to lack of awareness, heterogeneity of clinical presentation, and reliance on physical examination for diagnosis, it is largely overlooked by primary care physicians as well as by specialists. This leads to delayed or missed opportunities for diagnosis, and inappropriate interventions that frustrate both providers and patients. We review the literature regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis of joint hypermobility syndrome, and advocate for primary care physicians to consider it in the differential diagnosis of patients with chronic pain.
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Common musculoskeletal pain in both HSD and hEDS can lead to disability, driven by pain-related fear and anxiety.
“Common musculoskeletal pain in both HSD and hEDS can lead to disability, driven by pain-related fear and anxiety.9,12”
From Role of Anxiety in Individuals with Generalized Joint Hypermobility: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
Higher rates of anxiety and depression in BJHS may be due to pain-related fear and fear avoidance, but studies are scarce to clarify this relationship.
“Previously described in BJHS, higher rates of anxiety and depression may be due to pain-related fear and fear avoidance, but studies are scarce to clarify this relationship.[8,35,36]”
From Hypermobility spectrum disorders: A review (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
Cross-sectional studies suggest that chronic trauma reduces the pain threshold, and hyperalgesia may serve as a compensatory mechanism to minimize joint instability.
“Cross-sectional studies suggest that chronic trauma reduces the pain threshold,[8] and hyperalgesia may serve as a compensatory mechanism to minimize joint instability.[34]”
From Hypermobility spectrum disorders: A review (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
Biomechanical overloading and chronic soft tissue injury likely lead to soft tissue injury manifesting as localized joint arthralgias (nociceptive pain) and, in some, over time, diffuse musculoskeletal pain (central sensitization).
“This likely leads to soft tissue injury manifesting as localized joint arthralgias (nociceptive pain) and in some, over time, diffuse musculoskeletal pain (central sensitization).[2,8,24,25]”
From Hypermobility spectrum disorders: A review (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
Extra-articular manifestations are common in hypermobility spectrum disorders.
“Extra-articular manifestations are common.”
From Hypermobility spectrum disorders: A review (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
Prevalence of BJHS was about 3%-4% of the general population, affecting 3.3% of women and 0.6% of men.
“Prevalence of the BJHS was about 3%-4% of the general population, affecting 3.3% of women and 0.6% of men.[8,13]”
From Hypermobility spectrum disorders: A review (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
Overt synovitis is unusual in HSDs, but some patients may have small effusions as a consequence of meniscal or cartilaginous irritation.
“Overt synovitis is unusual, but some patients may have small effusions as a consequence of meniscal or cartilaginous irritation.”
From Hypermobility spectrum disorders: A review (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
Generalized hyperalgesia is common in HSDs and believed to be mediated by central sensitization.
“Generalized hyperalgesia is common and believed to be mediated by central sensitization.”
From Hypermobility spectrum disorders: A review (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
Fear of provoking pain and sustaining injury potentially leads to decreased levels of physical activity, hastening deconditioning and exercise intolerance in patients with HSDs.
“Fear of provoking pain and sustaining injury potentially leads to decreased levels of physical activity, hastening deconditioning and exercise intolerance.[8,33]”
From Hypermobility spectrum disorders: A review (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
The 5-Part Questionnaire (5PQ) has reported sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 85% for joint hypermobility syndrome/generalized joint hypermobility.
“Reported sensitivity and specificity for the 5PQ is 84% and 85% respectively.[8,10]”
From Hypermobility spectrum disorders: A review (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
The lack of clinician familiarity and experience with the disorders, a highly variable clinical presentation, and absence of a confirmatory test lead to continued under recognition of these disorders.
“The lack of clinician familiarity and experience with the disorders, a highly variable clinical presentation, and absence of a confirmatory test, lead to continued under recognition of these disorders.[8]”
From Hypermobility spectrum disorders: A review (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
With a prevalence approaching 4% of the general population, underdiagnosis of symptomatic joint hypermobility has been common.
“With a prevalence approaching 4% of the general populations, underdiagnosis has been common.[8]”
From Hypermobility spectrum disorders: A review (2023) · cites this paper as [8]
The main complaint of individuals with symptomatic GJH is chronic musculoskeletal pain that may affect daily activities, leading to decreased quality of life.
“The main complaint of individuals with symptomatic GJH is chronic musculoskeletal pain (MSP) that may affect their daily activities, leading to a decreased quality of life (Kumar & Lenert, 2017; Morris et al., 2017; Leone et al., 2009; Hakim, Malfait & Paepe, 2010; Scheper et al., 2013; Chustecka, 2004; Grahame, 2000b; Simonsen et al., 2012; Nikolajsen et al., 2013).”
From Prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility, musculoskeletal injuries, and chronic musculoskeletal pain among American university students (2019) · cites this paper as Kumar & Lenert, 2017
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“2% of women with chronic myofascial pelvic pain is higher than current estimates of approximately 3% to 20% for JHS in the general population.(23) In our patient population, the presence of G-HSDwas associatedwith a higher likelihood of comorbid dyspareunia, low back pain, hip pain, SUI, and IBS, but not provoked vest…”
BackgroundAn acquired or heritable connective tissue disorder? A review of hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
Martin, A. (2019) · European Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103672 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
DNA Methylation Patterns of Chronic Explosive Breaching in U.S. Military Warfighters
Wang, Z., Wilson, C. M., Ge, Y., Nemes, J., LaValle, C. R., Boutté, A. M., Carr, W. S., Kamimori, G. H., & Haghighi, F. G. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.01010 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Behavior Problems Associated with Pain and Paresthesia
Mills, D. S., Coutts, F. M., & McPeake, K. J. (2023) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.08.007 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ribeiro, J. A. D. S., Gomes, G., Aldred, A., Desuó, I. C., & Giacomini, L. A. (2024) · The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine · doi:10.59249/wgrs1619 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Additional - ly, questionnaires contribute to standardizing the diagno - sis of hypermobile joints, a key point for the diagnostic hypothesis [85].”
BackgroundSchöffl, V., von Schroeder, H., Liße, J., El‐Sheikh, Y., Küpper, T., Klinder, A., & Lutter, C. (2023) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/03635465231199671 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Review: Chronic Pain Sequelae in the Presence of Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome
Basem, J. I., Lin, T. F., & Mehta, N. D. (2022) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-022-01093-z · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Akkaya, K. U., Burak, M., Erturan, S., Yıldız, R., Yıldız, A., & Elbasan, B. (2022) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2022.102642 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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“JHS is defined as musculoskeletal symptoms in a hypermobile individual in the absence of systemic rheumatological disease, and its prevalence is around 3% of the population [18, 19].”
BackgroundCutaneous manifestations of orthostatic intolerance syndromes
Starling, C. T., Nguyen, Q. D., Butler, I. J., Numan, M. T., & Hebert, A. A. (2021) · International Journal of Women’s Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.03.003 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Signs and Symptoms in Congenital Myopathies
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“Despite its prevalence, it is underdiagnosed by physicians due to its highly variable clinical presentation and controversies regarding its etiology, nomenclature, and pathogenesis.(7,8) Several studies have suggested a link between chronic low back pain (cLBP) and hypermobility.”
BackgroundSong, J. Z., Luong, D., Feldman, E. C. H., Tran, S., Perrier, L., Eubanks, K., Bayley, M., Kastner, M., Slepian, M., & Munce, S. E. P. (2023) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-023-02799-y · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“HSD/JHS is occasionally classified as a milder variant of hypermobile EDS by health authorities because the two conditions share many clinical features, although this classification is not widely used [9].”
BackgroundDesai, M. J., Brestle, M. D., & Jonely, H. (2024) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.13411 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Maarj, M., Coda, A., Tofts, L., Williams, C., Santos, D., & Pacey, V. (2021) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-021-03009-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Dondin, M., & Baeza‐Velasco, C. (2023) · Journal of Dance Medicine & Science · doi:10.1177/1089313x231177173 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dickinson, M., Erridge, S., Warner-Levy, J. J., Clarke, E., McLachlan, K., Coomber, R., Holden, W., Rucker, J., Platt, M. W., & Sodergren, M. H. (2025) · ACR Open Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/acr2.70024 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“5,6 This may in fl uence the reporting of AEs because women are more likely to report AEs, compared to men, across the bio-medical literature.”
Keeping a Flexible Differential Diagnosis: an Exercise in Clinical Reasoning
Bergl, P. A., Manesh, R. S., Basel, D., & Olson, A. P. J. (2019) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-019-04867-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Is femoral trochlear dysplasia related to global joint hypermobility?
Erden, T., Aksoy, D. Ö., Ceylan, H. H., Kapıcıoğlu, M., Bilsel, K., & Elmalı, N. (2018) · Journal of Orthopaedic Science · doi:10.1016/j.jos.2018.10.008 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Joint Hypermobility Syndrome and Membrane Proteins: A Comprehensive Review
Pliego-Arreaga, R., Cervantes‐Montelongo, J. A., Silva-Martínez, G. A., Tristán-Flores, F. E., Pantoja-Hernández, M. Á., & Maldonado-Coronado, J. R. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14040472 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Musculoskeletal pain, often stemming from joint instability, soft tissue injuries, or neuropathic sources, is a prevalent feature [27].”
BackgroundLong COVID and hypermobility spectrum disorders have shared pathophysiology
Ganesh, R., & Munipalli, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1455498 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Fuster, E., Mirmosayyeb, O., & Blitshteyn, S. (2025) · Rheumatology Advances in Practice · doi:10.1093/rap/rkaf023 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hereditary Connective Tissue Diseases and Risk of Post-Acute SARS-CoV-2
Bartlett, M. L., Sova, D., & Jain, M. (2024) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v16030461 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“The conditions involve multiple body systems, with common clinical features amongst these conditions including joint hypermobility, vascular abnormalities, risk of injuries/fractures, and risk of chronic pain and fatigue [10].”
BackgroundSankova, M. V., Nikolenko, V. N., Oganesyan, M. V., Vovkogon, A. D., Gadzhiakhmedova, A. N., Zharikova, T. S., & Zharikov, Y. O. (2023) · World Journal of Orthopedics · doi:10.5312/wjo.v14.i3.146 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Yokoe, T., Tajima, T., Yamaguchi, N., Morita, Y., & Chosa, E. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11071759 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“We did not perform genetic testing for the definitive diagnosis of GJL [37,38].”
MethodBebeshko, V., Bruslova, K. M., Volodina, T., Lyashenko, L. O., Tsvetkova, N., Trychlіb, I. V., Chernysh, T. O., Boyarskyi, V. G., Gonchar, L. O., & Kavardakova, N. V. (2019) · Проблеми радіаційної медицини та радіобіології = Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology · doi:10.33145/2304-8336-2019-24-322-334 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Chen, H., Zeng, X., Xie, Z., Ma, L., Zhong, G., Li, L., Huang, W., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Journal of orthopaedic surgery · doi:10.1177/10225536221125951 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bornhöft, L., Arvidsson, D., Bergenheim, A., Börjesson, M., Fridolfsson, J., Hellgren, M. I., Nordeman, L., & Larsson, M. E. H. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18017-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kozyra, M., Kostyun, R. O., & Strecker, S. E. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000039212 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“In addition, variables related to each patient’s demo-graphics (sex [male, female], age [10–14, 15–19, 20–24 years of age], region of the country (Northeast, South, Midwest, West), and insurance status (Cash, Commercial, Government, Medicaid, or Medicare) were collected.”
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Komplexe Behandlungsprinzipien in der orthopädischen Rheumatologie
Gaulke, R. (2021) · Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie up2date · doi:10.1055/a-1390-9842 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Merke Gelenkinstabilitäten, welche nur klinisch diagnostiziert werden können, stellen eine der häufigsten Ursachen für Gelenkbeschwerden dar [12].”
BackgroundComorbidities of Rural Children and Adolescents with Migraine and without Migraine
Walter, S. M., Dai, Z., & Wang, K. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10071133 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“EDS shares many of the clinical features of joint hypermobility syndrome and is considered by some as one disease process [21].”
BackgroundClark, N., Johnson, M., Rangan, A., Swainston, K., & Kottam, L. (2024) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-024-02452-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Conditions associated with joint hypermobility include hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) [3, 4], with prevalence varying from 0.2% in Wales [5] to 3% in the UK [6].”
BackgroundInfluentialAlexander, M. (2022) · doi:10.1101/2022.04.25.22274226 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Failure to recognise GJH leads to poor patient outcomes (Kumar and Lenert, 2017).”
BackgroundJoint hypermobility determined by the Beighton score in university students
Riveros, J., González, M. I., Rivas, A., Roa, P., Ramírez, M., Ramírez, M., Riquelme, M., Ramírez, F., & Ramírez, R. (2019) · Revista Paraguaya de Reumatología · doi:10.18004/rpr/2019.05.01.8-12 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sankova, M. V., & Nikolenko, V. N. (2022) · Russian Journal of Pain · doi:10.17116/pain20222001127 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The association between keratoconus and systemic manifestations of connective tissue hyperlaxity
Safir, M., Satanovsky, A., Hecht, I., Heller, D. E., Lifshitz, A. E., & Pras, E. (2023) · Contact Lens and Anterior Eye · doi:10.1016/j.clae.2023.101892 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Boucher, L., Nestler, B., Groepper, D., Quillin, J. M., Deyle, D. R., & Halverson, C. M. E. (2025) · Genetics in Medicine Open · doi:10.1016/j.gimo.2024.101960 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“13 There is signi fi cant symptom overlap between the different subtypes of EDS.”
Bashaireh, K. M., Yabroudi, M. A., Nawasreh, Z. H., Al-Zyoud, S. M., Bashir, N. B., Aleshawi, A. J., & Allouh, M. Z. (2020) · The Knee · doi:10.1016/j.knee.2020.05.003 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Prevalence of hypermobility in primary school children: a Saudi experience
Al-Shenqiti, A. M. Y., Emara, H. A., Algarni, F. S., Khaled, O. A., Altaiyar, A. A., & Elgohary, T. (2022) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.31083/j.jomh1804091 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sankova, M., & Nikolenko, V. (2023) · Sports medicine research and practice · doi:10.47529/2223-2524.2023.3.10 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cohen, A., Sela, M. C., Ran, L. Z., Rushinek, H., Talisman, S., & Casap, N. (2023) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.joms.2023.04.006 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Do Plantar Pressure and Loading Patterns Vary with Joint Hypermobility in Young Females?
Torğutalp, Ş. Ş., Babayeva, N., Özkan, Ö., YILMAZ, S., Dönmez, G., & Korkusuz, F. (2020) · Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association · doi:10.7547/18-146 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Musculoskeletal problems related with JH are commonly seen in weight-bearing joints like knees and ankles.(9) JH is an underlying risk factor that leads to lower extremity injuries by influencing postural balance and alignment.”
BackgroundSchwartzkopf-Phifer, K., Leach, S., Whetstone, K., Brown, K., & Matsel, K. (2021) · International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.26603/001c.28055 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hand Joint Hypermobility among Dental Students—A Cross-Sectional Study
Sangalli, L., Alabsy, M., Lingle, D., Khazaal, N., West-Pelak, E., & Mitchell, J. C. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13127158 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“This corroborated the findings of other investigations that have revealed strength and pro-prioception deficits in patients with hypermobility [15,42,43].”
ResultChen, K., Yang, Y., Zhu, D., Zhu, Y. M., Lyu, F., Jiang, J., Xia, X., & Zheng, C. (2023) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.27959 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Moy, L. N., Lenert, A., & Lenert, P. S. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13092134 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Previous studies have identified JHS/hEDS as a cause of chronic pain, and given extensive clinical similarities, JHS/hEDS may even be classifiable as part of the fibromyalgia spectrum [5,6,8].”
Self-citationLarsen, K., & Chien, G. C. C. (2019) · Anaesthesia Pain & Intensive Care · doi:10.35975/apic.v23i2.1055 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jeong, H., Tarima, S. S., Nguyen, A., Qashqai, A., Muriello, M. J., Basel, D., & Slavens, B. A. (2024) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112151 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Aukštuolytė-Bačienė, E., Daunoravičienė, A., Tamulionytė, V., Berškienė, K., Narbutaitė, J., Razón, S., & Slapšinskaitė, A. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12111065 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“In recent years, GJH and joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) have started to gain attention as potential sources of pain and injury among college students [4,7].”
BackgroundHershkovich, O., Gordon, B., Derazne, E., Tzur, D., Afek, A. B., & Lotan, R. (2024) · JAAOS Global Research and Reviews · doi:10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-24-00047 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Braun, J. (2025) · Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie · doi:10.1007/s00393-024-01603-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Reuter, P. R., & Brady, M. (2023) · Journal of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery · doi:10.29245/2767-5130/2023/3.1185 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Beighton Score and Walking Age in Children
Kurniawati, L., Wardhani, I. L., Rochmah, N., & Sulistiawati, S. (2021) · Journal Of The Indonesian Medical Association · doi:10.47830/jinma-vol.71.1-2021-355 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Effect of Hypermobility on Pain and Quality of Life in Young Adults
Karaman, Ç. A., ZEREN, E., MARAL, F., Parlak, M., Kirazlı, Ö., BORACI, H., Zeren, M., & Arifoğlu, Y. (2022) · Bezmialem Science · doi:10.14235/bas.galenos.2022.55707 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Musculoskeletal pains are observed more frequently in weightbearing joints, such as knees and ankles due to biomechanical loading, impaired proprioception, decreased muscle strength and endurance (40,41).”
BackgroundKepenek-Varol, B., Şırayder, U., SANDAL, M., & Tuncer, D. (2023) · Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine · doi:10.32322/jhsm.1221090 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hope for Hypermobility: Part 2—An Integrative Approach to Treating Symptomatic Joint Hypermobility
Daylor, V., Gensemer, C., Norris, R. A., & Bluestein, L. S. (2023) · Topics in Pain Management · doi:10.1097/01.tpm.0000933968.28098.59 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Drabik, M., Byś, A., & Gawda, P. (2020) · Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu · doi:10.26444/monz/122300 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Role of Anxiety in Individuals with Generalized Joint Hypermobility: A Systematic Review
van Die-de Vries, J. E., Rameckers, E., Calders, P., Engelbert, R. H., Ramaekers, S. P., Goossens, M. E., & Verbunt, J. A. (2025) · Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation · doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2025.100467 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“9,12 16-18 Misinterpreted pain signals can lead to fear and avoidance of activities that might worsen pain.”
Lipari, M. L., & Laxson, S. E. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.42397 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Stickler syndrome: associated musculoskeletal manifestations and first population-based incidence
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“The studies by Stickler et al. [2] [35].”
Gilbert, C., Bennett, K. M., Bush, A., & Brown, C. A. (2025) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-025-03607-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“For those affected with chILD, hypermobility may be related to developmental processes because of complex care needs or connective tissue disorders [13, 20].”
Moon, J.-Y., Inhestern, L., Landskron, N., Barvencik, F., Amling, M., & Oheim, R. (2025) · JBMR Plus · doi:10.1093/jbmrpl/ziaf076 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“40 Women generally report higher pain prevalence and worse QoL in most subdomains than men, consistent with previous studies, 41 which makes them an important target group for appropriate interventions.”
Hyperlaxity in Hand Surgery: A Cross-sectional Survey
Jain, N. S., Taylor, J. M., Chevalier, J. M., Liu, T. P., & Azari, K. K. (2025) · Hand · doi:10.1177/15589447251340081 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Evaluation of Postural Habits and Awareness in Young Adults with Generalized Joint Hypermobility
Yıldız, R., & Yıldız, A. (2025) · Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi · doi:10.30720/ered.1543835 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Orabi, Z. A., Thompson, S., van Vliet, J., Gee, K., Roy, A., & Townend, J. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14207373 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Why this common problem affecting around 3% of the population and up to 26% of adolescents is so poorly appreciated and understood remains unclear [4,5].”
Gender Differences of the ACL Insertion Sites
Malanin, D. A., Volodin, I. V., Алексеевич, С. И., & Demeshchenko, M. V. (2020) · Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia · doi:10.21823/2311-2905-2020-26-4-80-92 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Centrally mediated abdominal pain syndrome: Causes and treatments
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Kapitán, M., Pilbauerová, N., Macháč, S., Hodačová, L., Čermáková, E., & Schmidt, J. (2024) · European Journal Of Dental Education · doi:10.1111/eje.13026 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Myopia and systemic manifestation of tissue hyperlaxity: A population‐based cross‐sectional study
Hecht, I., Nitzan, I., & Safir, M. (2024) · Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1111/ceo.14450 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“18,30 Surgical repair of inguinal hernias stands out as the most frequently performed procedure in paediatric patients, exhibiting an overall occurrence ranging from 0.8% to 4.4%.”
InfluentialBarbosa, C., Gavinha, S., Soares, T., Reis, T., & Manso, M. C. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14010044 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Chronic musculoskeletal pain is one of the most challenging complications associated with GJH [27,28].”
- Authors
- Kumar, B., & Lenert, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kumar, Bharat
- Venue
- The American Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 640-647
- ISSN
- 0002-9343 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2593628444
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Connective tissue disorders research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Keywords
- joint hypermobility syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, chronic pain, connective tissue diseases, joint instability, skin changes, differential diagnosis, primary care, delayed diagnosis, pathophysiology, treatment, prognosis
- MeSH terms
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Fatigue, Headache, Humans, Mitral Valve Prolapse, Abdominal Pain, Prevalence, Pelvic Pain, Primary Dysautonomias, Chronic Pain, Musculoskeletal Pain
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