Biochar and rice straw have different effects on soil productivity, greenhouse gas emission and carbon sequestration in Northeast Thailand paddy soil
Open accessAbstract
This study aimed to clarify the effects of biochar (BC made from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.), and rice (Orysa sativa L.) straw (RS) amendments on the soil productivity, carbon sequestration (Cseq) and the possibility for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A field trial was conducted with 10 treatments: the control, chemical fertilizer (CF) and BC or RS each at four rates of L (6.25 t/ha), ML (12.50 t/ha), MH (18.75 t/ha) and H (25.00 t/ha) using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The results showed that BC and RS not only increased the soil quality but also increased the rice yield (RY). During the growing season, BC and RS applications did not differ in the total CO2 emission. However, the total CH4 emission and total global warming potential significantly decreased in the BC application and significantly increased in the RS application, relative to the control. Soil Cseq increased under the BC application by 1.87–13.37 t C/ha, while the RS application reduced Cseq by 0.92–2.56 t C/ha. The high amount of recalcitrant C molecules in BC probably explained the decreases in the GHG-C loss and increases in Cseq. In contrast, RS had high amounts of labile components that enhanced the GHG-C emission and reduced Cseq. Finally, the GHG intensity of rice production was reduced for both BC and RS meaning that these two amendments can be considered as good options for the mitigation of climate change.
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A prior study observed a significant decrease in greenhouse gas intensity from rice production when biochar was applied.
“Thammasom et al. (2016) observed a significant decrease in the intensity of GHGs from rice production when applied with biochar.”
From Corn-cob Biochar Characterization and Application Effects to Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) Evolution in Acid Soil Added with Different Types of Fertilizers (2021) · cites this paper as Thammasom et al. (2016)
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“These beneficial effects have been confirmed in rice cultivation (Sun et al., 2016; Thammasom et al., 2016; Yang et al., 2019; Li et al., 2021), being the result of improvement in the soil’s biological and chemical properties (Méndez et al., 2013; Oleszczuk et al., 2014).”
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“Another field trial was conducted by Thammasom et al. (2016) with rice straw retention at four variable rates (i.e., 6.25, 12.50, 18.75 and 25.00 t ha −1 ).”
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“Biochar characteristics Rice Straw Biochar Temperature There was decrease in CEC with increasing temperature, this might be due to reduction of the availability of P and cations as clarified by previous investigations by Thammasom et al. (2016) and Gaskin et al. (2008).”
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Kalderis, D., & Skoulou, V. K. (2021) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-0365-1855-8
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Soil Conditions and Feedstock in the Rice Field for Nomadic Duck Herding, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Konduri, A., Bharti, V. S., Bhardwaj, A. K., Kumar, S., Krishnan, S., Shukla, S. P., Kara, T., Chuphal, N., Kishore, P. S., Thakur, J. K., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2026.1693880
Application of biochar in crop production
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Yang, H., Liu, J., Zhang, B., Qian, H., Zou, J., & Yang, T. (2026) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture16171889
- Authors
- Thammasom, N., Vityakon, P., Lawongsa, P., & Saenjan, P.
- Affiliations
- Khon Kaen University (TH)
- Corresponding author
- Saenjan, Patcharee
- Venue
- Agriculture and Natural Resources
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 192-198
- ISSN
- 2452-316X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2469095149
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 4.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Agriculture and Natural Resources (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Research University Project (NRU 545007)
- Khon Kaen University
- Office of the Higher Education Commission
- Problem soil in Northeast Thailand
- Khon Kaen University research grants
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Keywords
- biochar, rice straw, paddy soil, soil carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions, methane emissions, CO2 emissions, global warming potential, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, rice yield, soil quality, recalcitrant carbon, labile carbon, climate change mitigation, mineral fertilizers
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