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Cited by 393Soil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsAgricultural Science and FertilizationThermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes

Effects and fate of biochar from rice residues in rice-based systems

Haefele, S.M., Konboon, Y., Wongboon, W., Amarante, S., Maarifat, A.A., Pfeiffer, E.M., Knoblauch, C.·2011·Field Crops Research
DOI 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.01.014
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Abstract

Although crop residues constitute an enormous resource, actual residue management practices in rice-based systems have various negative side effects and contribute to global warming. The concept of a combined bioenergy/biochar system could tackle these problems in a new way. Rice residues would be used for energy production, thereby reducing field burning and the use of fossil fuels, and the biochar by-product could help to improve soils, avoid methane emissions, and sequester carbon in soils. To examine some of these promises, we conducted field experiments from 2005 to 2008 in three different rice production systems. Objectives were to study the effect of biochar from rice husks on soil characteristics, assess the stability of carbonized rice residues in these different systems, and evaluate the agronomic effect of biochar applications. The results showed that application of untreated and carbonized rice husks (RH and CRH) increased total organic carbon, total soil N, the C/N ratio, and available P and K. Not significant or small effects were observed for soil reaction, exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na, and the CEC. On a fertile soil, the high C/N ratio of CRH seemed to have limited N availability, thereby slightly reducing grain yields in the first three seasons after application. On a poor soil, where the crop also suffered from water stress, soil chemical and physical improvements increased yields by 16–35%. Together with a parallel study including methane and CO₂ emission measurements at one site, the results strongly suggest that CRH is very stable in various rice soils and systems, possibly for thousands of years. However, the study also showed that CRH was very mobile in some soils. Especially in poor sandy soil, about half of the applied carbon seemed to have moved below 0.30m in the soil profile within 4 years after application. We concluded that biochar from rice residues can be beneficial in rice-based systems but that actual effects on soil fertility, grain yield, and soil organic carbon will depend on site-specific conditions. Long-term studies on biochar in field trials seem essential to better understand biochar effects and to investigate its behavior in soils.

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  • Biochar derived from rice residues has a negative effect on the earthworm population that is related to the increase in soil pH induced by the biochar.

    “Biochar derived from rice residues was observed to have a negative effect on the earthworm population that was related to the increase in soil pH induced by the biochar (Haefele et al. 2011).”

    From Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects (2020) · cites this paper as Haefele et al. 2011

  • Rice residue biochar (41.3 Mg ha-1) had a negative effect on earthworm populations.

    “However, Haefele et al. (2011) found a negative effect on earthworm populations with the addition of rice residue biochar (41.3 Mg ha -1 ).”

    From Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant (2020) · cites this paper as Haefele et al. 2011

  • Haefelea et al. (2011) reported that the application of carbonized rice husk biochar increased available P in rice growing soil of IRRI, Philippines, in the first year, while after three years it did not influence the available P content.

    “Haefelea et al. (2011) reported that the application of carbonized rice husk biochar increased available P in rice growing soil of International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines, in the first year, while after three years it did not influence the available P content.”

    From A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security (2019) · cites this paper as Haefelea et al., 2011

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Authors
Haefele, S. M., Konboon, Y., Wongboon, W., Amarante, S., Maarifat, A. A., Pfeiffer, E. M., & Knoblauch, C.
Affiliations
  • International Rice Research Institute (PH)
  • UbonRatchathani Rice Research Center (TH)
  • Universität Hamburg (DE)
Corresponding author
Haefele, S.M.
ORCID
Venue
Field Crops Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-04
Volume
121
Issue
3
Pages
430-440
ISSN
0378-4290 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.fcr.2011.01.014
OpenAlex
W2025698775
Cited by
393
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 15
FWCI
34.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Field Crops Research (publishedVersion)
  • CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) (submittedVersion)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
  • Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
Keywords
biochar, rice husk, rice residue, rice-based systems, soil organic carbon, soil fertility, carbon sequestration, methane emissions, grain yield, soil nitrogen, bioenergy, residue management

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