The DOI matches its Crossref record; 95 of the 96 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.
An in-depth analysis of the evolution of the policy mix for the sustainable energy transition in China from 1981 to 2020
Open accessAbstract
Global warming and the acute domestic air pollution in China have necessitated transition to a sustainable energy system away from coal-dominated energy production. Through a systematic review of the national policy documents, this study investigates the policy mix adopted by the Chinese government to facilitate its energy transition and how that policy mix has evolved between 1981 and 2020. The chronological analysis emphasizes two dimensions of temporal changes in the policy mix: (1) changes in the policy intensity and density, and (2) the shift in policy instrument combinations. The policy mix has evolved from a few authority-based instruments to the current response that has a large density of instruments with a good diversity of instrument types. The Chinese government imposes an increasing policy intensity on air pollution abatement and a decreasing policy intensity on renewable energy support, and experiments with innovative policy instruments to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The evolutionary trajectory features layering new policy instruments, calibrating existing ones and some degree of policy replacement and sequencing. Overall, the study shows that the Chinese government has adopted a complex mix of policy instruments to abate emissions (e.g. carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide) in the coal-based energy system and to support renewable energy technologies. The study provides an in-depth understanding of Chinese policy design in the environment and energy fields and contributes to the public policy literature by filling a research gap – the comparative lack of empirical analyses on the temporal changes in the policy mixes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Studying public policy: policy cycles and policy subsystems
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-5970 · Cited by 2,483
The governance of sustainable socio-technical transitions
Smith, A., Stirling, A., & Berkhout, F. (2005) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2005.07.005 · Cited by 2,238
Policy mixes for sustainability transitions: an extended concept and framework for analysis
Rogge, K. S., & Reichardt, K. (2016) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2016.04.004 · Cited by 1,524
Carbon lock-in: types, causes, and policy implications
Seto, K. C., Davis, S. J., Mitchell, R. B., Stokes, E. C., Unruh, G., & Ürge-Vorsatz, D. (2016) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085934 · Cited by 1,346
Reconceptualising the ‘policy mix’ for innovation
Flanagan, K., Uyarra, E., & Laranja, M. (2011) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2011.02.005 · Cited by 1,147
Hood, C. C. (1983) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-17169-9 · Cited by 1,119
Unruh, G. C. (2002) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/s0301-4215(01)00098-2 · Cited by 1,020
Smart Regulation: Designing Environmental Policy
GUNNINGHAM, N. A., Grabosky, P. N., & Sinclair, D. (1999) · Cited by 911
The Tools of Government in the Digital Age
Hood, C. C., & Margetts, H. Z. (2007) · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-06154-6 · Cited by 776
The next phase of the energy transition and its implications for research and policy
Markard, J. (2018) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/s41560-018-0171-7 · Cited by 721
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Streeck W, Thelen K. Introduction: Institutional change in advanced political economies. In: Streeck W, Thelen K, editors. Beyond Contin. Institutional Chang. Adv. Polit. Econ., Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2005, p. 1–39.
- Knill, 2011, vol. 125
- Yang, 2004, Implementing SO2 emissions trading in China. Greenh, Gas Emiss Trading Proj. Mech., Paris, France: OECD Publishing, 13
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chen, X. H., Tee, K., Elnahass, M., & Ahmed, R. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118525 · Cited by 407
Qi, X., Guo, Y., Guo, P., Yao, X., & Liu, X. (2022) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112909 · Cited by 154
Guilhot, L. (2022) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112806 · Cited by 137
Dynamic evolution and driving factors of new energy development: Fresh evidence from China
Pan, Y., & Dong, F. (2022) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121475 · Cited by 131
Hesary, F. T., Rasoulinezhad, E., Shahbaz, M. Q., & Vo, X. V. (2021) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.121595 · Cited by 124
Zhang, Y., Wang, W., Liang, L., Wang, D., Cui, X., & Wei, W. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140197 · Cited by 111
Fang, K., Zhang, Q., Song, J., Yu, C., Zhang, H., & Liu, H. (2021) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105638 · Cited by 107
The Carbon Reduction Effect of ICT: The Perspective of Factor Substitution
Zhong, M., Cao, M.-Y., & Zou, H. (2021) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121754 · Cited by 105
A Review on Renewable Energy Transition under China’s Carbon Neutrality Target
Zhao, F., Bai, F., Liu, X., & Liu, Z. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142215006 · Cited by 100
The effect of natural resources and economic factors on energy transition: New evidence from China
Huang, S. (2022) · Resources Policy · doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102620 · Cited by 97
Luo, G., Liu, Y., Zhang, L., Xu, X. H., & Guo, Y. (2021) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.120432 · Cited by 94
Urban and rural differences with regional assessment of household energy consumption in China
Wang, S., Sun, S., Zhao, E., & Wang, S. (2021) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.121091 · Cited by 91
Lu, W., Wu, H., Yang, S., & Tu, Y. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116053 · Cited by 87
Cui, Y., Khan, S. U., Deng, Y., Zhao, M., & Hou, M. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142170 · Cited by 87
Ma, W., de Jong, M., de Bruijne, M. L. C., & Mu, R. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125399 · Cited by 85
Participation in Energy Transitions: A Comparison of Policy Styles
Radtke, J., & Renn, O. (2024) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2024.103743 · Cited by 84
Xu, J., Lv, T., Hou, X., Deng, X., Li, N., & Liu, F. (2022) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106399 · Cited by 73
Zha, D., Jiang, P., Zhang, C., Xia, D., & Cao, Y. (2023) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113782 · Cited by 73
What factors drive policy transfer in smart city development? Insights from a Delphi study
Li, L., Taeihagh, A., & Tan, S. Y. (2022) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2022.104008 · Cited by 68
Self-citationEnergy transition in China: Assessing progress in sustainable development and resilience directions
Gatto, A., Drago, C., Panarello, D., & Aldieri, L. (2023) · International Economics · doi:10.1016/j.inteco.2023.08.001 · Cited by 61
Resource misallocation in the Chinese wind power industry: The role of feed-in tariff policy
Yu, C., Wu, X., Lee, W., & Zhao, J. (2021) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105236 · Cited by 58
Does energy transition help narrow the urban-rural income gap? Evidence from China
Gao, S., Zhou, P., & Zhang, H. (2023) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113759 · Cited by 57
Optimization of China’s electric power sector targeting water stress and carbon emissions
Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, L., Liu, J., Zheng, H., Fang, J., Hou, S., & Chen, S. (2020) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115221 · Cited by 56
Policy sequencing to reduce tropical deforestation
Furumo, P. R., & Lambin, É. F. (2021) · Global Sustainability · doi:10.1017/sus.2021.21 · Cited by 59
Wu, J., Nie, X., & Wang, H. (2023) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.22535 · Cited by 54
Cao, H., Wang, B., & Li, K. (2021) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112231 · Cited by 52
Yu, B., Zhao, Z., Zhao, G., An, R., Sun, F., Li, R., & Peng, X. (2021) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.04.055 · Cited by 51
Sun, J., Xue, J., & Qiu, X. (2022) · Socio-Economic Planning Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.seps.2022.101330 · Cited by 50
Ding, Y., Bi, C., Qi, Y., & Han, D. (2024) · Energy Strategy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.esr.2024.101395 · Cited by 50
Yan, P., Tian, P., Cai, C., Zhou, S., Yu, X., Zhao, S., Tu, S., Deng, C., & Sun, Y. (2020) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115043 · Cited by 50
Lebrouhi, B. E., Schall, É., Lamrani, B., Chaibi, Y., & Kousksou, T. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14105818 · Cited by 49
The Nexus Between Worldwide Governance Indicators and Hydropower Sustainable Growth in EU 28 Region
Alsaleh, M., & Abdul‐Rahim, A. S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research · doi:10.1007/s41742-021-00366-6 · Cited by 47
The policy mix of green finance in China: an evolutionary and multilevel perspective
Shao, J., & Huang, P. (2023) · Climate Policy · doi:10.1080/14693062.2023.2202181 · Cited by 43
Reducing energy demand in China and the United Kingdom: The importance of energy literacy
Cotton, D., Zhai, J., Miller, W., Valle, L. D., & Winter, J. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123876 · Cited by 42
Huang, R., Shen, Z., Wang, H., Xu, J., Ai, Z., Zheng, H., & Liu, R. (2021) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117087 · Cited by 42
The EU ETS and its companion policies: any insight for China's ETS?
Verde, S. F., Galdi, G., Alloisio, I., & Borghesi, S. (2021) · Environment and Development Economics · doi:10.1017/s1355770x20000595 · Cited by 39
“Beyond emissions trading, China uses a broad mix of energy and climate policies which stem from the Five Year Plans (FYPs) for the country’s social and economic development (Li and Taeihagh, 2020).”
BackgroundLiu, P., & Hei, Z. (2021) · Energy Reports · doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.01.173 · Cited by 39
Emission growth and drivers in Mainland Southeast Asian countries
Liu, B., Guan, Y., Shan, Y., Cui, C., & Hubacek, K. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117034 · Cited by 38
Gao, J.-W., Wang, Y.-P., Guo, F., & Chen, J. (2023) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2023.119912 · Cited by 37
How will China achieve net-zero? A policy text analysis of Chinese decarbonization policies
Chen, R., Xu, P., Yao, H., & Ding, Y. (2023) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2023.103051 · Cited by 35
Liu, Q., Wen, X., & Cao, Q. (2023) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121065 · Cited by 35
Do China’s coal-to-gas policies improve regional environmental quality? A case of Beijing
Wang, J., Li, Z., Ye, H., Mei, Y., Fu, J., & Li, Q. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-14727-3 · Cited by 35
Jamali, M.-B., & Rasti−Barzoki, M. (2021) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.122919 · Cited by 35
Can China's renewable energy policy synergies help clean energy transition?
Wang, B., Liu, G., Zhou, S., Tang, Z., Liu, Z., Deng, N., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Environmental Impact Assessment Review · doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2025.107878 · Cited by 34
Pan, X., Yuan, G., Wu, X., & Xie, P. (2023) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2023.04.093 · Cited by 33
Chong, Z., Wang, Q., & Wang, L. (2023) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122770 · Cited by 33
Forest Carbon Offset Protocols in Compliance Carbon Markets
Li, L., & Zhang, D. (2023) · Forest Policy and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103253 · Cited by 33
Self-citationUnderstanding the new quality productive forces in the energy sector
Zhang, L. (2024) · Energy Nexus · doi:10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100352 · Cited by 36
Wang, J., Fang, D., & Yu, H. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128174 · Cited by 32
Synergies of air pollution control policies: A review
Feng, T., Shi, Y., Wang, X., Wan, X., & Mi, Z. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124655 · Cited by 35
Rodríguez-Barillas, M., Klerkx, L., & Poortvliet, P. M. (2022) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2023.100791 · Cited by 33
Goyal, N., Taeihagh, A., & Howlett, M. (2022) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2022.102632 · Cited by 25
Self-citationSong, Q., Rogge, K. S., & Ely, A. (2023) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2023.100691 · Cited by 33
Li, Y., Wang, G., & Zuo, J. (2021) · Journal of Construction Engineering and Management · doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0002178 · Cited by 29
Xu, Y., Liang, J., Dong, Z., & Shi, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192113974 · Cited by 29
Diagnosis of the implementation of smart grid innovation in The Netherlands and corrective actions
Norouzi, F., Hoppe, T., Kamp, L. M., Manktelow, C., & Bauer, P. (2023) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.113185 · Cited by 29
How Transboundary Learning Occurs: Case Study of the ASEAN Smart Cities Network (ASCN)
Tan, S. Y., Taeihagh, A., & Sha, K. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13116502 · Cited by 29
Self-citationWiedemann, R., & Ingold, K. M. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning · doi:10.1080/1523908x.2021.1960809 · Cited by 27
Ba, Z., Ma, Y., Cai, J., & Li, G. (2022) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122273 · Cited by 28
A Content Analysis of the Strictest Water Resources Management Policy in China
Cheng, Z., Wang, N., Ouyang, R., Wang, H., & Song, Z. (2022) · Water Economics and Policy · doi:10.1142/s2382624x22500114 · Cited by 26
He, X.-P., & Xu, C. (2023) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.130204 · Cited by 24
Building an AI ecosystem in a small nation: lessons from Singapore’s journey to the forefront of AI
Khanal, S., Zhang, H., & Taeihagh, A. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-03289-7 · Cited by 25
Self-citationBraga, J., Santos, T., Shadman, M., Silva, C., Tavares, L. F. D. A., & Estefen, S. F. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142113783 · Cited by 25
Wang, X., Alsaleh, M., & Abdul‐Rahim, A. S. (2022) · Energy & Environment · doi:10.1177/0958305x221137566 · Cited by 24
Digitization Meets Energy Transition: Shaping the Future of Environmental Sustainability
Wang, L., He, Y., & Wu, R. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17040767 · Cited by 24
Yongjun, G., Liu, J. L., & Bashir, S. (2020) · Catalysis Today · doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2020.10.004 · Cited by 24
Manu, E. K., Chen, G., & Adomako, S. (2024) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.3772 · Cited by 23
He, W., Yao, X.-Y., Sun, X., Le, W., & Yi, R.-H. (2024) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107901 · Cited by 23
Sha, K., & Taeihagh, A. (2024) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2024.105868 · Cited by 23
Self-citationMandatory environmental disclosure policy in the largest carbon emission country
Cai, W., Bai, M., & Davey, H. (2024) · Pacific Accounting Review · doi:10.1108/par-04-2023-0055 · Cited by 21
Policy interactions and electricity generation sector CO2 emissions: A quasi-experimental analysis
Tello, W. P. (2024) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114434 · Cited by 24
Babatunde, K. A., Mahmoud, M. A., Ibrahim, N., & Said, F. F. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16041720 · Cited by 20
From policy to practice: Enhancing enterprise productivity through energy transition initiatives
Xiong, Z., Hu, J., & Li, W. (2024) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2024.133361 · Cited by 20
Liang, H., Yan, Z., & Zeng, G. (2022) · Inorganics · doi:10.3390/inorganics11010016 · Cited by 19
Evaluating policy mix strategies for the energy transition using an agent-based macroeconomic model
Nieddu, M., Raberto, M., Ponta, L., Teglio, A., & Cincotti, S. (2024) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114276 · Cited by 19
Uncovering the evolution of the public climate finance policy mix for renewable energy in China
Zeng, A., Liu, Y., Tan, X., Xiong, X., & Xing, X. (2025) · Carbon Footprints · doi:10.20517/cf.2025.07 · Cited by 18
Peyerl, D., Barbosa, M. O., Ciotta, M. R., Pelissari, M. R., & Moretto, E. M. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15124293 · Cited by 18
Evolution of renewable energy laws and policies in China
Ma, W., & Wang, W. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29712 · Cited by 17
Kern, F., Peuckert, J., Lange, S., Ahmann, L., Banning, M., & Lutz, C. (2022) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2022.102680 · Cited by 16
Leng, K., Li, Z., & Tong, Z. (2022) · Clean Energy · doi:10.1093/ce/zkac038 · Cited by 16
Rudek, T. J., & Huang, H.-T. (2023) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2023.103364 · Cited by 18
Manu, E. K., & Asongu, S. A. (2025) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2025.123197 · Cited by 15
What can mission-oriented innovation policy learn from China?
Liefner, I., Brueck, C., Losacker, S., & Zeng, G. (2025) · Science and Public Policy · doi:10.1093/scipol/scaf023 · Cited by 14
Jiang, K., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Z., Chen, S., & Qiu, R. (2024) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123146 · Cited by 14
Hong, B., Li, Q., Chen, W., Huang, B., Yan, H., & Feng, K. (2020) · Global Energy Interconnection · doi:10.1016/j.gloei.2020.07.007 · Cited by 14
Energy production revolution in China during 2015–2019: progress and challenges
Li, H., Zhang, R., Zhang, L., Qin, Y., & Liao, H. (2023) · Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies · doi:10.1080/14765284.2023.2167413 · Cited by 13
Energy Transition, the Next Hotspot of Energy Research: A Study Using Topic Modeling
Trivedi, S. K., Singh, A., Irfan, M., Harigaran, T., & Patra, P. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management · doi:10.1109/tem.2024.3368153 · Cited by 13
Standalone Solar Photovoltaic Electricity Supply to Rural Household in Tanzania
Mwakitalima, I. J., Rizwan, M., & Kumar, N. (2021) · IETE Journal of Research · doi:10.1080/03772063.2021.1920854 · Cited by 13
Lu, W., Wu, H., & Wang, L. (2022) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-022-02372-w · Cited by 13
Energy transition policy and rural revitalization of Chinese ethnic regions
Yang, J., Xiong, M., & Li, X. (2024) · Finance research letters · doi:10.1016/j.frl.2024.106439 · Cited by 12
Фу, Л., & Wang, C. (2022) · Advances in Climate Change Research · doi:10.1016/j.accre.2022.09.007 · Cited by 11
Wang, T., Zhao, Q., Gao, W., & He, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2023.1267975 · Cited by 11
Li, X., He, S., Gu, Y., & Sun, Y. (2025) · npj Climate Action · doi:10.1038/s44168-025-00233-6 · Cited by 11
Wang, R., Cai, J., Cai, F., Xia, L., Sun, X., & Zeng, E. Y. (2020) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115972 · Cited by 11
Lu, Z., & Zhou, Y. (2024) · Cell Reports Physical Science · doi:10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.102306 · Cited by 9
Qin, C., Dong, F., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Pan, Y., Li, C., & Cui, J. (2024) · Environmental Impact Assessment Review · doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2024.107771 · Cited by 10
Nia, M. B., & Edalat, P. (2025) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125728 · Cited by 10
Teladia, A., & van der Windt, H. (2025) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en18112823 · Cited by 10
Energy sources evaluation based on multi-criteria decision support approach in China
Lin, S.-S., Shen, S., & Zhou, A. (2022) · Sustainable Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.horiz.2022.100017 · Cited by 10
Transition of cooking fuel types and mortality risk in China, 1991–2015
Pu, F., Li, C., Zhang, X., Cao, X., Yang, Z., Hu, Y., Xu, X., Ma, Y., Hu, K., & Liu, Z. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161654 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Li, L., & Taeihagh, A.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Taeihagh, Araz
- Venue
- Applied Energy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-04
- Volume
- 263
- Pages
- 114611
- ISSN
- 0306-2619 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3005896759
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 11
- FWCI
- 21.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Applied Energy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National University of Singapore
- Ministry of Water Resources
- Environmental Protection Administration, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. Taiwan
- National Development and Reform Commission
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Renewable energy and sustainable power systems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
- Keywords
- policy mix, energy transition, sustainable energy policy, China, policy instruments, policy intensity, policy evolution, air pollution abatement, CO2 emissions, sulfur dioxide emissions, renewable energy support, policy sequencing, environmental policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
