“Awake, smoky, and hot”: providing an evidence-base for managing the risks associated with occupational stressors encountered by wildland firefighters
Open accessAbstract
To curtail the spread of wildfire, firefighters are often required to work long hours in hot, smoky conditions with little rest between consecutive shifts. In isolation, heat, smoke, and sleep disruption can have a detrimental impact on cognitive and physical abilities. Far less is known, however, about the combined impact that heat, smoke, and sleep disruption can have on firefighters' performance during wildfire suppression or on human performance in general. The available literature, though scant, suggests that audio and visual tracking may be degraded after sustained heat exposure following one night of sleep deprivation. Exposure to heat and carbon monoxide, in contrast, appears to have only limited impact on cognitive performance, even after physical exercise. Heat and carbon monoxide exposure does, however, increase physiological exertion to a given work or exercise bout. To the authors' knowledge, there are no published studies that have explored the impacts of heat exposure following sleep disruption on physical work performance, sleep disruption and smoke exposure on physical or cognitive work, or the combined impacts of sleep disruption, smoke and heat exposure on cognitive or physical work. While more integrative research is needed, the current review provides a summary of the available evidence and an indication of the degree of confidence agencies can have in the research. This will allow both the scientific community and agencies to make informed recommendations regarding the management of wildland firefighters' health and safety on the fireground.
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Sleep disturbances are common among firefighters.
“Among law enforcement and first responders, several studies have shown that sleep disturbances are common among police officers198–203 and firefighters.204,205”
From Sleep, Health, and Society (2017) · cites this paper as [204]
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- Authors
- Aisbett, B., Wolkow, A., Sprajcer, M., & Ferguson, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Deakin University (AU)
- University of South Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Aisbett, B.
- Venue
- Applied Ergonomics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 916-925
- ISSN
- 0003-6870 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2057548301
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 23.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Applied Ergonomics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Acquire (CQUniversity) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Keywords
- wildland firefighters, occupational stressors, heat exposure, smoke exposure, carbon monoxide, sleep disruption, sleep deprivation, cognitive performance, wildfire suppression
- MeSH terms
- Fires, Hot Temperature, Humans, Risk Management, Sleep Deprivation, Smoke, Task Performance and Analysis, Occupational Exposure, Evidence-Based Practice, Firefighters
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