Familiarity with and affective responses to foods in 8–11-year-old children. The role of food neophobia and parental education
Abstract
The present study investigated whether the familiarity with and affective responses to foods are predicted by the individual trait food neophobia and by parental education in school children. The cross-sectional data collection involved children (N=208, 8- and 11-year-old) from Helsinki, and their parents. A questionnaire assessing children's food neophobia with Food Neophobia Scale (FNS), and familiarity with and affective responses to 36 foods was completed by parents. Children with low FNS were familiar with a larger number of foods than those with high FNS. High FNS was associated with low pleasantness assessment of most food groups, including cheese, fruit/vegetables, fish, starch/cereals, and ethnic/exotic. Children of well educated parents had tasted a larger number of foods, thus displaying lower behavioral neophobia, and had lower FNS scores than children of less educated parents. Both low FNS scores and high parental education predicted the number of tasted foods. Parental education was not associated with pleasantness ratings (exception: cheese). To conclude, high food neophobia lowers the pleasantness ratings of foods, and parental education moderates behavioral neophobia.
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The exposure effect could explain the finding that food-related mindfulness increased anticipated liking.
“This finding could be explained by the exposure effect, which has been shown to positively impact on food neophobia (Mustonen, Oerlemans, & Tuorila, 2012; Nederkoorn et al., 2018).”
From Children overcoming picky eating (COPE) - A cluster randomised controlled trial. (2020) · cites this paper as Mustonen, Oerlemans, & Tuorila, 2012
In young children, the bitter and undesirable taste of vegetables is often a major barrier to vegetable consumption, and food neophobia can interfere with young children's acceptance of vegetables.
“In young children, the bitter and undesirable taste of vegetables is often provided as a major barrier to vegetable consumption [ 73 – 75 ], and food neophobia (the reluctance to eat, or the avoidance of, novel foods [ 76 ]) particularly, can interfere with young children’s acceptance of vegetables [ 76 – 78 ].”
From Increasing vegetable intakes: rationale and systematic review of published interventions (2016) · cites this paper as [77]
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Öztürk, G., Ceylan, F., KOÇ, F., & Sarper, F. (2026) · Kayseri Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.51177/kayusosder.1700447
Apelman, L., Roos, E., Olofsson, J., & Sandvik, P. (2026) · Journal of Sensory Studies · doi:10.1111/joss.70184
“Children exposed to, and familiar with, a variety of foods exhibit lower levels of food neophobia and rate several foods as more pleasant, particularly fruits and vegetables (Laureati, Bertoli, et al. 2015; Mustonen et al. 2012).”
- Authors
- Mustonen, S., Oerlemans, P., & Tuorila, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Mustonen, Sari
- ORCID
- Tuorila, Hely
- Venue
- Appetite
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 777-780
- ISSN
- 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2130490292
- Semantic Scholar
- bab0c92a3950fa0879625cf6cc2ec4ca4a33b92f
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Appetite (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- food neophobia, food familiarity, food pleasantness, parental education, children's food preferences, moderating effect
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Child, Child Behavior, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Educational Status, Female, Finland, Food Preferences, Happiness, Humans, Male, Parents, Personality, Phobic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Taste, Recognition, Psychology, Pleasure
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