Susceptibility to increased high energy dense sweet and savoury food intake in response to the COVID-19 lockdown: The role of craving control and acceptance coping strategies
Open accessAbstract
Emerging evidence indicates that for some people, the COVID-19 lockdowns are a time of high risk for increased food intake. A clearer understanding of which individuals are most at risk of over-eating during the lockdown period is needed to inform interventions that promote healthy diets and prevent weight gain during lockdowns. An online survey collected during the COVID-19 lockdown (total n = 875; analysed n = 588; 33.4 ± 12.6 years; 82% UK-based; mostly white, educated, and not home schooling) investigated reported changes to the amount consumed and changes to intake of high energy dense (HED) sweet and savoury foods. The study also assessed which eating behaviour traits predicted a reported increase of HED sweet and savoury foods and tested whether coping responses moderated this relationship. Results showed that 48% of participants reported increased food intake in response to the COVID-19 lockdown. There was large individual variability in reported changes and lower craving control was the strongest predictor of increased HED sweet and savoury food intake. Low cognitive restraint also predicted greater increases in HED sweet snacks and HED savoury meal foods. Food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, emotional undereating, emotional overeating and satiety responsiveness were not significant predictors of changes to HED sweet and savoury food intake. High scores on acceptance coping responses attenuated the conditional effects of craving control on HED sweet snack intake. Consistent with previous findings, the current research suggests that low craving control is a risk factor for increased snack food intake during lockdown and may therefore represent a target for intervention.
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Evidence from the early stages of the pandemic suggests that adults with overweight and obesity were vulnerable to weight gain and changes in eating behaviour (e.g., increased emotional eating).
“Evidence from the early stages of the pandemic also suggests that adults with overweight and obesity were vulnerable to weight gain and changes in eating behaviour (e.g., increased emotional eating) [9–11].”
From Supporting Weight Management during COVID-19 (SWiM-C): twelve-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial of a web-based, ACT-based, guided self-help intervention (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
The Abstract (page unavailable) reports that 48% of surveyed adults increased food intake during lockdown, and the Introduction describes a risk of weight gain in susceptible individuals. But the Results (page unavailable) found no significant association between BMI and changes in food intake; the study therefore does not establish particular vulnerability among adults with overweight or obesity. Emotional overeating was not a significant predictor of intake changes, and the study did not measure weight gain. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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“The sample size calculation was based on changes in energy intake in university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic reported in previous studies [24,39,40].”
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- Authors
- Buckland, N. J., Swinnerton, L. F., Ng, K., Price, M., Wilkinson, L. L., Myers, A., & Dalton, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Swansea University (GB)
- Sheffield Hallam University (GB)
- Leeds Trinity University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Buckland, Nicola J.
- Venue
- Appetite
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 158
- Pages
- 105017
- ISSN
- 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8580210
- OpenAlex
- W3097489325
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 9.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Appetite (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- COVID-19 lockdown, dietary intake, sweet snacks, acceptance coping, cognitive restraint, emotional overeating, emotional undereating, food responsiveness, satiety responsiveness, food enjoyment, weight gain prevention, individual susceptibility
- MeSH terms
- Physical Distancing, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Energy Intake, Communicable Disease Control, Eating, Emotions, Female, Food Preferences, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Quarantine, Retrospective Studies, Satiety Response, Social Isolation, Taste, Young Adult, Pandemics, Snacks, Craving
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