Protective effects of social networks on disability among older adults in Spain
Abstract
The loss of autonomy at advanced ages is not only associated with ageing, but also with the characteristics of the physical and social environment. Recent investigations have shown that social networks, social engagement and participation act like predictors of disability among the elderly. The aim of this study is to determine whether social networks are related to the development and progression of disability in the early years of old age. The source of data is the first wave of the survey "Processes of Vulnerability among Spanish Elderly", carried out in 2005 to a sample of 1244 individuals. The population object of study is the cohort aged 70-74 years in metropolitan areas (Madrid and Barcelona) and not institutionalized. Disability is measured by the development of basic activities of daily life (ADL), and instrumental activities of daily life (IADL). The structural aspects of the social relationships are measured through the diversity of social networks and participation. We used the social network index (SNI). For each point over the SNI, the risk of developing any type of disability decreased by 49% (HR=0.51, 95%CI=0.31-0.82). The SNI was a decisive factor in all forecasting models constructed with some hazard ratios (HR) that ranged from 0.29 (95%CI=0.14-0.59) in the first model to 0.43 (95%CI 0.20-0.90) in the full model. The results of the present study showed a strong association between an active social life, emotional support provided by friends and confidents and disability. These findings suggest a protective effect of social networks on disability. Also, these results indicate that some family and emotional ties have a significant effect on both the prevalence and the incidence of disability.
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Diversity of social networks, availability of confidants, satisfaction with social support, sense of control, and self-esteem mediate the relationship between depression and functional decline.
“the diversity of social networks, availability of confidants, satisfaction with social support, sense of control and self-esteem mediate the relationship between depression and functional decline. (Escobar-Bravo, Puga-Gonzalez, and Martin-Baranera 2012)”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Escobar-Bravo et al. 2012
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BackgroundNetwork Types and Functional Health in Old Age: It is Not Just the Size of the Network That Matters
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- Authors
- Escobar-Bravo, M.-Á., Puga-González, D., & Martín-Baranera, M.
- Venue
- Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 109-116
- ISSN
- 0167-4943 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2036310051
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (submittedVersion)
- Repositori ObertUDL (University of Lleida) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- social networks, disability, older adults, social engagement, activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, social network index, emotional support, family ties, social participation (health and rehabilitation), early old age, disability incidence
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disability Evaluation, Female, Persons with Disabilities, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Retrospective Studies, Social Support, Spain, Urban Population, Geriatric Assessment
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