Effects of high-intensity interval and continuous moderate aerobic training on fitness and health markers of older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background High-intensity interval training (HIIT) promotes similar or superior gains in physical fitness and health compared to continuous moderate-intensity training (MICT) in young individuals. However, the effectiveness of HIIT in older adults is uncertain. Objective This meta-analysis compared the effects of HIIT and MICT on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, vascular, metabolic, and hormonal variables, cognitive function, and quality of life in older adults. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and SportDiscus databases were searched from inception until December 2023. Trials included adults ≥ 60 y. Hedge's effect sizes (g) were calculated and study quality and features of training interventions were tested as moderators. Results Twenty-nine trials including 1,227 subjects (65.4 ± 3.3 y). HIIT and MICT elicited significant (p 0.156) 'gs' for VO 2max (0.722 vs. 0.490), maximal workload/peak power output ratio (0.290 vs. 0.372),% fat (-0.297 vs. -0.262), glycemia (-0.273 vs. -0.334), systolic (-0.465 vs. -0.341), and diastolic blood pressure (-0.566 vs. -2.311). HIIT (p 0.170) produced significant 'gs' for fat mass (-0.245 vs. -0.103), waist circumference (-0.239 vs. -0.116), testosterone (0.339 vs. 0.170), and complex Stroop test (-0.595 vs. -0.250). Increases in the VO 2max occurred only in controlled trials after HIIT but not MICT (Q = 6.286, p = 0.012; HITT-g = 1.068, p Conclusion HIIT and MICT produced similar changes in most of the inv…
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Regular exercise is beneficial to cardiorespiratory fitness and learning through synaptic plasticity from enhanced cortical disinhibition allowing improvement in recall, thinking, and memory.
“For instance, regular exercise were proven beneficial to cardiorespiratory fitness and learning through synaptic plasticity from enhanced cortical disinhibition allowing improvement in recall, thinking, and memory. 11,12”
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Exercise and Menopause: Benefits, Challenges and the Transition to Optimal Management
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Bagheri, N., & Kargarfard, M. (2026) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-026-01799-2
Interval eccentric cycling : a promising training modality for sedentary people
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Modern fitness as health promoting physical activity: scientific approaches and development trends
Гунина, Л. М., Іванович, О. О., & Rakhmanova, Y. V. (2026) · Academic Visions · doi:10.66556/2786-586x.60.guninaorlova-l
- Authors
- Oliveira, A., Fidalgo, A., Farinatti, P., & Monteiro, W.
- Affiliations
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Monteiro, Walace
- Venue
- Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-09
- Volume
- 124
- Pages
- 105451
- ISSN
- 0167-4943 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4395006016
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 3
- FWCI
- 3.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- high-intensity interval training, older adults, cardiorespiratory fitness, VO2max, body composition, fat mass, glycemia, blood pressure, testosterone, cognitive function, quality of life, exercise training effects, Stroop task, peak power, waist circumference, health indicators
- MeSH terms
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness, High-Intensity Interval Training, Aged, Body Composition, Cognition, Humans, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Quality of Life, Biomarkers, Exercise
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