The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of psychological stress on the salivary cortisol and amylase levels in healthy young adults
Abstract
Objective Saliva sampling has the advantage that it is non-invasive, making multiple sampling easy and stress free. We examined the effects of psychological stressor and soother on the salivary cortisol and amylase levels in young adults, and compared the characteristics of these parameters.Design The subjects completed the trait version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess the predisposition to personal anxiety. The video of corneal transplant surgery was served as the stressor for 15 min. A scenic beauty video viewing was also used as the soother. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected every 3 min throughout the session.Results The amylase level was significantly increased just after the beginning of the stressful video viewing, and immediately returned to the pre-stress level just after the end of the video viewing. The cortisol level was also increased, but to a lesser extent compared with that of amylase. The latency time to the peak level for cortisol was longer than that of amylase. The carry-over effect was not observed in the amylase response but was in cortisol. Although the correlation between the amylase level and the STAI score was highly significant, cortisol level did not. In addition, soothing video viewing significantly decreased the amylase level, but did not affect the cortisol level.Conclusion Salivary amylase level was more significantly increased and reacted more rapidly than cortisol by psychological stressor, suggesting that it is a better index of stress. Furthermore, it is suggested that the enzyme is a soothing or relaxation index.
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“sAA is a convenient marker and is easily collected and measured in saliva [36, 42–44]; it is recognized as both a soothing/relaxation index [45] and a stress response marker [36].”
From Acute Effects of Coffee Consumption on Self-Reported Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Blood Pressure and Stress Indices in Healthy Individuals (2015) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“However, when there is no parallel activation of cortisol, increased sAA activity may also indicate that the enzyme is a soothing or relaxation index [45].”
From Acute Effects of Coffee Consumption on Self-Reported Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Blood Pressure and Stress Indices in Healthy Individuals (2015) · cites this paper as [45]
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“Furthermore, it is suggested that the level of this enzyme could be considered as an index of soothing effect or relaxation in humans as sAA levels are significantly decreased by soothing/pleasant video viewing [137].”
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“Another research group used a stressful and a relaxing video to induce stress and rest conditions and directly compared the effects of both on salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase responses in whole unstimulated saliva (Takai et al., 2004, 2007).”
MethodInfluentialGordis, E. B., Granger, D. A., Susman, E. J., & Trickett, P. K. (2006) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.05.010 · Cited by 422
“Researchers have consistently reported increases in salivary A-A in response to laboratory stress procedures (Takai et al., 2004; Nater et al., 2005).”
BackgroundUrban Nature Experiences Reduce Stress in the Context of Daily Life Based on Salivary Biomarkers
Hunter, M. R., Gillespie, B. W., & Chen, S. Y.-P. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00722 · Cited by 358
Beil, K., & Hanes, D. A. (2013) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph10041250 · Cited by 340
“A lag of up to 18 min have been reported between the immediate-timed response of sAA and the delay-timed response of sCort after exposure to an acute stressor [52].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Takai, N., Yamaguchi, M., Aragaki, T., Eto, K., Uchihashi, K., & Nishikawa, Y.
- Affiliations
- Osaka Dental University (JP)
- University of Toyama (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Takai, Noriyasu
- ORCID
- Yamaguchi, Masaki
- Venue
- Archives of Oral Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-12
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 963-968
- ISSN
- 0003-9969 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2108805072
- Cited by
- 568
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 3.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Oral Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- psychological stress, salivary cortisol, salivary amylase, stress biomarkers, trait anxiety, residual effects, relaxation, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amylases, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Psychological Tests, Relaxation, Saliva, Salivary Proteins and Peptides, Stress, Psychological, Time Factors
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