Serum total cholesterol levels and risk of mortality from stroke and coronary heart disease in Japanese: The JACC study
Abstract
The relation between serum total cholesterol and coronary heart disease is well established, but the relations with total stroke and stroke subtypes are controversial. We conducted a nested case-control study as part of the JACC study. A total of 39,242 subjects, 40-79 years of age, provided serum samples at baseline between 1988 and 1990. During the 10-year follow-up, 345 deaths from total strokes (including 76 intraparenchymal hemorrhages) and 150 deaths from coronary heart diseases were recorded. The control subjects were matched for sex, age, community, and year of serum storage, and further adjusted for systolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, ethanol intake category, smoking status, and diabetes. Serum total cholesterol levels were measured using an enzymatic method. Cases with total stroke and more specifically intraparenchymal hemorrhage had lower mean values of serum total cholesterol levels compared with control subjects. The risk of mortality from intraparenchymal hemorrhage was significantly higher for persons with low total cholesterol levels [less than 4.14 mmol/l (160 mg/dl)] than with those with higher levels. The risk of mortality from coronary heart disease for persons with serum total cholesterol levels more than or equal to 6.72 mmol/l (260 mg/dl) was significantly higher than those with levels less than 4.14 mmol/l (160 mg/dl). Low serum total cholesterol levels are associated with high mortality from intraparenchymal hemorrhage while high levels are associated with high mortality from coronary heart disease among Japanese.
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Low TC levels are associated with increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke.
“For hemorrhagic strokes, in contrast with the increase in risk of occurrence at low TC levels55–57)”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [57]
Epidemiology studies have not found a significant correlation of serum cholesterol level and the incidence of noncardiogenic cerebral infarction.
“Epidemiology studies, however, have not found a significant correlation of serum cholesterol level and the incidence of noncardiogenic cerebral infarction38, 57, 64, 337).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [57]
Epidemiological studies conducted in Japan have indicated that there is no significant relationship between the serum cholesterol levels (TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C) and the incidence rate of noncardiogenic cerebral infarction.
“However, the results of epidemiological studies conducted in Japan have indicated that there is no significant relationship between the serum cholesterol levels (TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C) and the incidence rate of noncardiogenic cerebral infarction36, 38, 40, 57, 64, 78, 337).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Cui, R., Iso, H., Toyoshima, H., Date, C., Yamamoto, A., Kikuchi, S., Kondo, T., Watanabe, Y., Koizumi, A., Inaba, Y., & Tamakoshi, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Tsukuba (JP)
- The University of Osaka (JP)
- Nagoya University (JP)
- Nara Women's University (JP)
- Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences (JP)
- Aichi Medical University (JP)
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (JP)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Juntendo University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Iso, Hiroyasu
- ORCID
- Venue
- Atherosclerosis
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 194
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 415-420
- ISSN
- 0021-9150 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2029514827
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Atherosclerosis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (1010068, 11181101, 2151065, 3151064, 4151063, 5151069, 61010076, 62010074, 6279102, 63010074)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- total cholesterol, stroke mortality, coronary heart disease mortality, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, stroke subtypes, hypocholesterolemia, hypercholesterolemia, Japanese adults, JACC Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Sex Factors, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Stroke
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