Cited by 101Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthCardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Relation Between Serum Total Cholesterol Level and Cardiovascular Disease Stratified by Sex and Age Group: A Pooled Analysis of 65 594 Individuals From 10 Cohort Studies in Japan

Open access
Nagasawa, Sin‐ya, Okamura, Tomonori, Iso, Hiroyasu, Tamakoshi, Akiko, Yamada, Michiko, Watanabe, Makoto, Murakami, Yoshitaka, Miura, Katsuyuki +2 more·2012·Journal of the American Heart Association

Abstract

Background: The relation between serum total cholesterol ( TC ) and cardiovascular disease in women and in the elderly is unclear, especially in A sian populations. Methods and Results: We examined this relation in the largest‐scale pooled analysis of the J apanese population, the Evidence for Cardiovascular Prevention from Observational Cohorts in Japan ( EPOCH ‐ JAPAN ) study. A total of 65 594 participants who were 40 to 89 years of age and did not have a past history of cardiovascular disease were examined. C ox proportional‐hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios for death from total stroke, cerebral infarction, intracranial cerebral hemorrhage, or coronary heart disease. The mean follow‐up period was 10.1 years, with the number of deaths from total stroke, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, and coronary heart disease being 875, 457, 212, and 374, respectively. The participants were divided into 2 age groups: middle‐aged (40 to 69 years; mean age 55 years) and elderly (70 to 89 years; mean age 75 years). In men, the multivariate‐adjusted hazard ratios for coronary heart disease in the highest TC category (≥6.21 mmol/L) compared with the lowest category (<4.14 mmol/L) were 2.52 (95% confidence interval: 1.15–5.07) in middle‐aged participants and 2.77 (1.09–7.03) in elderly participants. In women, the hazard ratios of the highest TC category (≥6.72 mmol/L) compared with the lowest category (<4.66 mmol/L) were 3.20 (1.44–7.09) in middle‐aged participants and 1.02 (0.42–2.49) in elderly participants. TC levels were not associated with cerebral infarction in any age or sex group and were associated negatively with total stroke and cerebral hemorrhage. Conclusion: High serum TC levels are associated with coronary heart disease in middle‐aged J apanese men and women, but evidence in elderly J apanese individuals is still limited.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1161/jaha.112.001974

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 40 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [34]Takayama Y Effects of an atherogenic diet on arterial lesions of hypertensive rats. J Jpn Coll Angiol. 1975; 15: 455- 464.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Nagasawa, S., Okamura, T., Iso, H., Tamakoshi, A., Yamada, M., Watanabe, M., Murakami, Y., Miura, K., Ueshima, H., & for the Evidence for Cardiovascular Prevention from Observational Cohorts in Japan (EPOCH‐JAPAN) Research Group
Affiliations
  • Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
  • Keio University (JP)
  • The University of Osaka (JP)
  • Aichi Medical University (JP)
  • Radiation Effects Research Foundation (JP)
  • National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center (JP)
  • Shiga University of Medical Science (JP)
Venue
Journal of the American Heart Association
Published
2012-09-26
Volume
1
Issue
5
Pages
e001974-e001974
ISSN
2047-9980 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2101888700
Cited by
101
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5
FWCI
5.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • Journal of the American Heart Association (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
total cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, sex differences, age differences, older adults, middle-aged adults, Japanese population, pooled analysis of cohort studies
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Cohort Studies, Proportional Hazards Models, Stroke

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review