Cited by 218Dietary Effects on HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiologyPhysical Activity and Health

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Caloric restriction alone and with exercise improves CVD risk in healthy non-obese individuals

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Lefevre, Michael, Redman, Leanne M., Heilbronn, Leonie K., Smith, Julie V., Martin, Corby K., Rood, Jennifer C., Greenway, Frank L., Williamson, Donald A., Smith, Steven R., Ravussin, Eric·2009·Atherosclerosis

DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.05.036PMC PMC2692631

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Abstract

Unlabelled Calorie restriction (CR) delays the development of age-associated disease and increases lifespan in rodents, but the effects in humans remain uncertain.Purpose Determine the effect of 6 months of CR with or without exercise on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and estimated 10-year CVD risk in healthy non-obese men and women.Methods Thirty-six individuals were randomized to one of three groups for 6 months: Control, 100% of energy requirements; CR, 25% calorie restriction; CR+EX, 12.5% CR+12.5% increase in energy expenditure via aerobic exercise. CVD risk factors were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months.Results After 6 months, CR and CR+EX lost approximately 10% of body weight. CR significantly reduced triacylglycerol (-31+/-15mg/dL) and factor VIIc (-10.7+/-2.3%). Similarly CR+EX reduced triacylglycerol (-22+/-8mg/dL) and additionally reduced LDL-C (-16.0+/-5.1mg/dL) and DBP (-4.0+/-2.1mmHg). In contrast, both triacylglycerol (24+/-14mg/dL) and factor VIIc (7.9+/-2.3%) were increased in the Control group. HDL-cholesterol was increased in all groups while hsCRP was lower in the Controls versus CR+EX. Estimated 10-year CVD risk significantly declined from baseline by 29% in CR (P<0.001) and 38% in the CR+EX (P<0.001) while remaining unchanged in the Control group.Conclusions Based on combined favorable changes in lipid and blood pressure, caloric restriction with or without exercise that induces weight loss favorably reduces risk for CVD even in already healthy non-obese individuals.

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Background
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Authors: Lefevre, M., Redman, L. M., Heilbronn, L. K., Smith, J. V., Martin, C. K., Rood, J. C., Greenway, F. L., Williamson, D. A., Smith, S. R., & Ravussin, E.
Affiliations: Utah State University (US)
Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
Garvan Institute of Medical Research (AU)
William Carey University (US)
ORCID: Lefevre, Michael
Redman, Leanne M.
Heilbronn, Leonie K.
Martin, Corby K.
Rood, Jennifer C.
Greenway, Frank L.
Smith, Steven R.
Venue: Atherosclerosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-03
Volume: 203
Issue: 1
Pages: 206-213
ISSN: 0021-9150 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.05.036
PMC: PMC2692631
OpenAlex: W2067805867
Cited by: 217
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 11.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Atherosclerosis (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5k23dk068052-04)
National Institute on Aging (U01AG020478, U01-AG20478)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1K23 DK 068052-01A2, P30DK072476)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords: caloric restriction, aerobic exercise, cardiovascular risk, non-obese adults, weight loss, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, blood pressure, lipid profile
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Aging, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Exercise, Caloric Restriction, Overweight, Nutritional Sciences

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Caloric restriction alone and with exercise improves CVD risk in healthy non-obese individuals

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