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Caloric restriction alone and with exercise improves CVD risk in healthy non-obese individuals
Open accessAbstract
Unlabelled Calorie restriction (CR) delays the development of age-associated disease and increases lifespan in rodents, but the effects in humans remain uncertain.Purpose Determine the effect of 6 months of CR with or without exercise on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and estimated 10-year CVD risk in healthy non-obese men and women.Methods Thirty-six individuals were randomized to one of three groups for 6 months: Control, 100% of energy requirements; CR, 25% calorie restriction; CR+EX, 12.5% CR+12.5% increase in energy expenditure via aerobic exercise. CVD risk factors were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months.Results After 6 months, CR and CR+EX lost approximately 10% of body weight. CR significantly reduced triacylglycerol (-31+/-15mg/dL) and factor VIIc (-10.7+/-2.3%). Similarly CR+EX reduced triacylglycerol (-22+/-8mg/dL) and additionally reduced LDL-C (-16.0+/-5.1mg/dL) and DBP (-4.0+/-2.1mmHg). In contrast, both triacylglycerol (24+/-14mg/dL) and factor VIIc (7.9+/-2.3%) were increased in the Control group. HDL-cholesterol was increased in all groups while hsCRP was lower in the Controls versus CR+EX. Estimated 10-year CVD risk significantly declined from baseline by 29% in CR (P<0.001) and 38% in the CR+EX (P<0.001) while remaining unchanged in the Control group.Conclusions Based on combined favorable changes in lipid and blood pressure, caloric restriction with or without exercise that induces weight loss favorably reduces risk for CVD even in already healthy non-obese individuals.
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“Similarly, healthy non-obese individuals also improved their cardiovascular risk after six months of calorie restriction as evidenced by a reduction in blood pressure (Lefevre et al., 2009).”
From Calorie Restriction-like Effects of 30 Days of Resveratrol Supplementation on Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Profile in Obese Humans (2011) · cites this paper as Lefevre et al., 2009
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“As long-term calorie restriction in humans (Lefevre et al., 2009; Meyer et al., 2006) and resveratrol treatment in mice (Lagouge et al., 2006) was shown to ameliorate cardiac function, we examinedwhether resveratrol also exerts beneficial effects on blood pressure.”
BackgroundInfluentialCaloric restriction improves health and survival of rhesus monkeys
Mattison, J. A., Colman, R. J., Beasley, T. M., Allison, D. B., Kemnitz, J. W., Roth, G. S., Ingram, D. K., Weindruch, R., de Cabo, R., & Anderson, R. M. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14063 · Cited by 838
Calorie restriction in humans: An update
Most, J., Tosti, V., Redman, L. M., & Fontana, L. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.005 · Cited by 530
“Surprisingly, in this CALERIE I trial, various factors that are associated with CVD (blood pressure, LDL, HDL, fibrinogen, homocysteine, CRP, TNFα, and Factor VIIc) were not affected by CR (Lefevre et al., 2009; Tam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationMitohormesis: Promoting Health and Lifespan by Increased Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Ristow, M., & Schmeisser, K. (2014) · Dose-Response · doi:10.2203/dose-response.13-035.ristow · Cited by 534
“…and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM type 2) (Takemori et al. 2011, He et al. 2012, Harvey et al. 2012, Willette et al. 2012, Ryan et al. 2012) as well as associated risk factors known to promote the before-mentioned diseases (Larson-Meyer et al. 2006, Heilbronn et al. 2006, Lefevre et al. 2009).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lefevre, M., Redman, L. M., Heilbronn, L. K., Smith, J. V., Martin, C. K., Rood, J. C., Greenway, F. L., Williamson, D. A., Smith, S. R., & Ravussin, E.
- Affiliations
- Utah State University (US)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research (AU)
- William Carey University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Atherosclerosis
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 203
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 206-213
- ISSN
- 0021-9150 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2692631
- OpenAlex
- W2067805867
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 11.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Atherosclerosis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k23dk068052-04)
- National Institute on Aging (U01AG020478, U01-AG20478)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1K23 DK 068052-01A2, P30DK072476)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- caloric restriction, aerobic exercise, cardiovascular risk, non-obese adults, weight loss, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, blood pressure, lipid profile
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aging, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Exercise, Caloric Restriction, Overweight, Nutritional Sciences
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