Trends in treatment and mortality for mesenteric ischemia in the United States from 2000 to 2012
Open accessAbstract
Background It is unknown whether increased endovascular treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia has led to decreases in open surgery, acute mesenteric ischemia, or overall mortality. The present study evaluates the trends in endovascular and open treatment over time for chronic and acute mesenteric ischemia.Methods We identified patients with chronic or acute mesenteric ischemia in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and Center for Disease Control and Prevention database from 2000 to 2012. Trends in revascularization, mortality, and total deaths were evaluated over time. Data were adjusted to account for population growth.Results There were 14,810 revascularizations for chronic mesenteric ischemia (10,453 endovascular and 4,358 open) and 11,294 revascularizations for acute mesenteric ischemia (4,983 endovascular and 6,311 open). Endovascular treatment increased for both chronic (0.6-4.5/million, P < 0.01) and acute mesenteric ischemia (0.6-1.8/million, P < 0.01). However, concurrent declines in open surgery did not occur (chronic: 1-1.1/million, acute: 1.8-1.7/million). Among patients with acute mesenteric ischemia, the proportion with atrial fibrillation (18%) and frequency of embolectomy (1/million per year) remained stable. In-hospital mortality rates decreased for both endovascular (chronic: 8-3%, P < 0.01; acute: 28-17%, P < 0.01) and open treatment (chronic: 21-9%, P < 0.01; acute: 40-25%, P < 0.01). Annual population-based mortality remained stable for chronic mesenteric ischemia (0.7-0.6 deaths per million/year), but decreased for acute mesenteric ischemia (12.9-5.3 deaths per million/year, P < 0.01).Conclusions Population mortality from acute mesenteric ischemia declined from 2000 to 2012, correlated with dramatic increases in endovascular intervention for chronic mesenteric ischemia, and in spite of a stable rate of embolization. However, open surgery for both chronic and acute ischemia remained stable.
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Earlier recognition and treatment of CMI can decrease the incidence of acute on chronic mesenteric ischaemia.
“Earlier recognition and treatment of CMI can decrease the incidence of this often lethal complication. 12”
From Editor's Choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2025 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Diseases of the Mesenteric and Renal Arteries and Veins. (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
The Discussion (page unavailable) hypothesizes that increased treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia may prevent progression to acute ischemia, and separately suggests earlier recognition may have contributed to lower in-hospital mortality. It does not establish that earlier recognition and treatment decreased the incidence of acute-on-chronic ischemia; the authors say these hypotheses cannot be proven by their study. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMortality declined from 21% to 9% in patients treated with open surgery in the USA between 2000 and 2012.
“Mortality declined from 21% to 9% in patients treated with open surgery in the USA between 2000 and 2012.”
From Editor's Choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2025 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Diseases of the Mesenteric and Renal Arteries and Veins. (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
The Abstract Results report a decline from 21% to 9% for open treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia between 2000 and 2012. The claim omits that restriction: the same passage reports a different decline, from 40% to 25%, for acute mesenteric ischemia. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the USA, endovascular and open revascularisations for AMI have been performed at equal rates since 2004.
“In the USA, endovascular and open revascularisations for AMI have been performed at equal rates since 2004. 12”
From Editor's Choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2025 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Diseases of the Mesenteric and Renal Arteries and Veins. (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
The Results report nearly equal total numbers of open and endovascular revascularisations for acute mesenteric ischemia over 2000–2012 (6,311 versus 6,206). The Trends in Treatment section reports that endovascular procedures increased while open procedures remained stable, but it does not establish that their annual rates were equal from 2004 onward. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe development of revascularization techniques significantly reduced the fatality rate due to acute and chronic mesenteric ischemia in the US during the early 2000s.
“The development of revascularization techniques significantly reduced the fatality rate due to acute and chronic mesenteric ischemia in this region during the early 2000s [13].”
From Trends and Demographics of Vascular Intestinal Diseases‐Related Mortality Among Adults Living in United States From 1999 to 2020; A CDC Wonder Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
The Results (Trends in In-Hospital Mortality) report significant declines from 2000 to 2012 among US patients undergoing revascularization for both chronic and acute mesenteric ischemia. The Discussion also reports increased use of endovascular intervention, but says several factors likely contributed to lower mortality and that endovascular treatment alone cannot explain the decline. The paper therefore supports the trend, not the claim that developing revascularization techniques caused the reduction in fatality from both conditions generally. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn two studies using a large nationwide database, attempted revascularisation rates were only 2.9-4.2%.
“This explanation is supported by two studies using data from a large nationwide database, reporting attempted revascularisation rates of only 2.9–4.2%.”
From Incidence and outcomes of acute mesenteric ischaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [136]
The Methods identify the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, and Results > Trends in Treatment (page unavailable) reports revascularization rates for acute mesenteric ischemia of 2.6 to 4.0 per million people. The cited paper therefore supports the nationwide-database and revascularization aspects, but it does not report attempted revascularisation rates of 2.9–4.2%; its figures have a different denominator. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Zettervall, S. L., Lo, R. C., Soden, P. A., Deery, S. E., Ultee, K. H., Pinto, D. S., Wyers, M. C., & Schermerhorn, M. L.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schermerhorn, Marc L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of Vascular Surgery
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 42
- Pages
- 111-119
- ISSN
- 0890-5096 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5502755
- OpenAlex
- W2600439937
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 8.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annals of Vascular Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5t32hl007734-30)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T-32HL007734)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Abdominal vascular conditions and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Aortic Thrombus and Embolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Appendicitis Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- mesenteric ischemia, acute mesenteric ischemia, chronic mesenteric ischemia, endovascular revascularization, open surgery, mortality trends, embolectomy, atrial fibrillation, embolization, treatment trends, in-hospital mortality, National Inpatient Sample, United States
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chronic Disease, Embolization, Therapeutic, Endarterectomy, Female, Humans, Male, Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion, Middle Aged, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Risk Factors, Time Factors, United States, Vascular Surgical Procedures, Databases, Factual, Treatment Outcome, Hospital Mortality, Embolectomy, Endovascular Procedures, Vascular Grafting, Mesenteric Ischemia
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