Stuttering, induced fluency, and natural fluency: a hierarchical series of activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses
Open accessAbstract
Developmental stuttering is a speech disorder most likely due to a heritable form of developmental dysmyelination impairing the function of the speech-motor system. Speech-induced brain-activation patterns in persons who stutter (PWS) are anomalous in various ways; the consistency of these aberrant patterns is a matter of ongoing debate. Here, we present a hierarchical series of coordinate-based meta-analyses addressing this issue. Two tiers of meta-analyses were performed on a 17-paper dataset (202 PWS; 167 fluent controls). Four large-scale (top-tier) meta-analyses were performed, two for each subject group (PWS and controls). These analyses robustly confirmed the regional effects previously postulated as "neural signatures of stuttering" (Brown, Ingham, Ingham, Laird, & Fox, 2005) and extended this designation to additional regions. Two smaller-scale (lower-tier) meta-analyses refined the interpretation of the large-scale analyses: (1) a between-group contrast targeting differences between PWS and controls (stuttering trait); and (2) a within-group contrast (PWS only) of stuttering with induced fluency (stuttering state).
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Primary and secondary auditory areas are underactive bilaterally in stutterers when they speak or compared with non-stutterers.
“These areas show bilateral underactivity in stutterers, compared to those without respective symptoms, as shown by functional neuroimaging methods [12].”
From Investigation of the effect of delayed auditory feedback and transcranial direct current stimulation (DAF-tDCS) treatment for the enhancement of speech fluency in adults who stutter: A randomized controlled trial (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
The Discussion (§4.2; page unavailable) reports reduced left auditory-cortex activation in stutterers relative to controls and reduced right auditory-cortex activation during dysfluency relative to fluency. It does not establish bilateral underactivity as a general difference between stutterers and non-stutterers; its large-scale analysis found bilateral temporal activation in both groups. The cited passages also do not distinguish primary from secondary auditory areas. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Budde, K. S., Barron, D. S., & Fox, P. T.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Budde, Kristin S.
- Venue
- Brain and Language
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 139
- Pages
- 99-107
- ISSN
- 0093-934X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4405378
- OpenAlex
- W1964181094
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 1.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain and Language (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Stuttering Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- developmental stuttering, speech motor system, dysmyelination, brain activation patterns, speech production
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Male, Speech, Stuttering, Likelihood Functions
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