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Cited by 5Connexins and lens biologyDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationZebrafish Biomedical Research Applications

Role of the Connexin C-terminus in skin pattern formation of Zebrafish

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Usui, Yuu, Watanabe, Masakatsu·2021·BBA Advances
DOI 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100006PMC PMC10074918
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Abstract

Zebrafish display a striped skin pattern on their body; two types of connexins, namely, Connexin39.4 (Cx39.4) and Connexin41.8 (Cx41.8), are involved in stripe pattern formation. Herein, we investigated the role of the C-terminal (CT) domains of Cx39.4 and Cx41.8 in vivo and in vitro. To investigate the role of CT domains in vivo, we established transgenic zebrafish lines expressing the CT-domain-modified connexin series in pigmented cells and observed skin patterns in fish. To investigate the role of the CT domains in vitro, we expressed the CT-domain modified connexin series in Neuro-2a (N2a) cells and calculated the plaque formation frequency. The overexpression of Cx39.4 lacking a CT domain produced skin patterns similar to that produced by full-length Cx39.4 in the cx39.4−/− mutant and in cx39.4 and cx41.8 double-knockout mutant zebrafish. Fluorescence-protein-fused CT-domain-modified Cx39.4 formed gap junction plaques between N2a cells. The overexpression of CT-truncated Cx41.8 rescued the mutant phenotype in the cx41.8−/− mutant but did not function in the double knockout zebrafish. Fluorescence-protein-fused CT-truncated Cx41.8 hardly formed plaques between N2a cells without Cx39.4 but formed gap junction plaques when co-expressed with Cx39.4. The CT domain of Cx39.4 is not required for protein function, at least in the pigment cells of zebrafish. However, the need for the CT domain of Cx41.8 depends on Cx39.4 expression. These results provide evidence for the interactions between Cx39.4 and Cx41.8 in pigment cells of zebrafish and suggest that at least one connexin must have a CT domain.

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  • Gap junctions containing Gja5b are critical for stripe patterning in D. rerio, with mutants developing spots similar to the wild-type pattern of D. tinwini.

    “Gap junctions containing Gja5b are critical for stripe patterning in D. rerio with mutants developing spots similar to the wild-type pattern of D. tinwini15,16,54.”

    From Genomic and genetic insights into speciation and pigment pattern diversification in <i>Danio</i> fishes (2025) · cites this paper as [54]

    The Introduction reports that Cx41.8 is involved in zebrafish stripe formation and that leopard mutants with cx41.8 mutations have spotted skin. The paper calls the connexin Cx41.8 rather than Gja5b, and the passages found do not compare the mutants’ spots with wild-type D. tinwini; that comparison is unsupported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Usui, Y., & Watanabe, M.
Affiliations
The University of Osaka (JP)
Corresponding author
Watanabe, Masakatsu
ORCID
Venue
BBA Advances
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021
Volume
1
Pages
100006
ISSN
2667-1603 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100006
PMC
PMC10074918
OpenAlex
W3138371742
Cited by
5
References
1
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
FWCI
0.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BBA Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Connexins and lens biology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
Keywords
pigment cells, gap junction plaques, transgenic zebrafish, N2a cells

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