HOW CELLS RESPOND TO INTERFERONS
Abstract
Interferons play key roles in mediating antiviral and antigrowth responses and in modulating immune response. The main signaling pathways are rapid and direct. They involve tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription factors by Janus tyrosine kinases at the cell membrane, followed by release of signal transducers and activators of transcription and their migration to the nucleus, where they induce the expression of the many gene products that determine the responses. Ancillary pathways are also activated by the interferons, but their effects on cell physiology are less clear. The Janus kinases and signal transducers and activators of transcription, and many of the interferon-induced proteins, play important alternative roles in cells, raising interesting questions as to how the responses to the interferons intersect with more general aspects of cellular physiology and how the specificity of cytokine responses is maintained.
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TEL-mediated repression may be an example of negative regulation acting at the level of transcription, which may be particularly important for ISRE-carrying genes that are normally stimulated by IFNα/β.
“The TELmediated repression may be an example of negative regulation acting at the level of transcription, which may be particularly important for ISRE-carrying genes that are normally stimulated by IFN𝛂 / 𝛃 (47).”
From Gamma Interferon Triggers Interaction between ICSBP (IRF-8) and TEL, Recruiting the Histone Deacetylase HDAC3 to the Interferon-Responsive Element (2002) · cites this paper as [47]
IL-12 governs production of IFN-γ in natural killer (NK) cells and CD4+ T cells.
“IL-12 governs production of IFNg in natural killer (NK) cells and CD4 1 T cells.”
From Review: ICSBP/IRF-8: Its Regulatory Roles in the Development of Myeloid Cells (2002) · cites this paper as [43]
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Participation of JAK and STAT Proteins in Growth Hormone-induced Signaling (*)
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Self-citationmRNA metabolism and post-transcriptional gene regulation
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Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells
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Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3
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STATs in cancer inflammation and immunity: a leading role for STAT3
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A Mammalian microRNA Expression Atlas Based on Small RNA Library Sequencing
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Antiviral Actions of Interferons
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Immune Signaling by RIG-I-like Receptors
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Bowman, T., Garcia, R., Turkson, J., & Jove, R. (2000) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203527 · Cited by 1,743 · see citing works
Interferons, immunity and cancer immunoediting
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Self-citationIRF Family of Transcription Factors as Regulators of Host Defense
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IFNα activates dormant haematopoietic stem cells in vivo
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T-Cell mediated regulation of osteoclastogenesis by signalling cross-talk between RANKL and IFN-γ.
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Multiplexed droplet single-cell RNA-sequencing using natural genetic variation
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Trex1 prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity
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Transcription factors as targets for cancer therapy
Darnell, J. E. (2002) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc906 · Cited by 1,194 · see citing works
The role of STATs in transcriptional control and their impact on cellular function
Bromberg, J., & Darnell, J. E. (2000) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203476 · Cited by 1,201 · see citing works
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Apoptosis and interferons: role of interferon-stimulated genes as mediators of apoptosis
Chawla-Sarkar, M., Lindner, D. J., Liu, Y.-F., Williams, B. R., Sen, G. C., Silverman, R. H., & Borden, E. C. (2003) · Apoptosis · doi:10.1023/a:1023668705040 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
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The dsRNA protein kinase PKR: Virus and cell control
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Stat1-dependent and -independent pathways in IFN-γ-dependent signaling
Ramana, C. V., Gil, M. P., Schreiber, R. D., & Stark, G. R. (2002) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02118-4 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Self-citationComplex modulation of cell type-specific signaling in response to type I interferons
van Boxel-Dezaire, A. H. H., Rani, M. R. S., & Stark, G. R. (2006) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2006.08.014 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Self-citationStat3-mediated Myc expression is required for Src transformation and PDGF-induced mitogenesis
Bowman, T., Broome, M. A., Sinibaldi, D., Wharton, W., Pledger, W. J., Sedivy, J. M., Irby, R., Yeatman, T., Courtneidge, S. A., & Jove, R. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.131568898 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
The potential and controversy of targeting STAT family members in cancer
Verhoeven, Y., Tilborghs, S., Jacobs, J., De Waele, J., Quatannens, D., Deben, C., Prenen, H., Pauwels, P., Trinh, X. B., Wouters, A., et al. (2020) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.002 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
The virus battles: IFN induction of the antiviral state and mechanisms of viral evasion
Levy, D. (2001) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/s1359-6101(00)00027-7 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Inflammatory mediators and islet ?-cell failure: a link between type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Donath, M. Y., St�rling, J., Maedler, K., & Mandrup-Poulsen, T. (2003) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-003-0450-y · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Type I interferon response and innate immune sensing of cancer
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Roles of unphosphorylated STATs in signaling
Yang, J., & Stark, G. R. (2008) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/cr.2008.41 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
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Nitric oxide in gastrointestinal epithelial cell carcinogenesis: linking inflammation to oncogenesis
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Activation of STAT3 by the Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Leads to Cellular Transformation
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The c‐myc Promoter: Still MysterY and Challenge
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Protein kinase inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases
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Interferons: Signaling, antiviral and viral evasion
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Review: ICSBP/IRF-8: Its Regulatory Roles in the Development of Myeloid Cells
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Immune cell-specific amplification of interferon signaling by the IRF-4/8-PU. 1 complex
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Characterization of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase ubiquitin-like family
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Biologically informed deep learning to query gene programs in single-cell atlases
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STAT1 from the cell membrane to the DNA
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PU.1/Interferon Regulatory Factor Interactions; Mechanisms of Transcriptional Regulation
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Induction of a Unique Isoform of the <i>NCOA7</i> Oxidation Resistance Gene by Interferon β-1b
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- Authors
- Stark, G. R., Kerr, I. M., Williams, B. R. G., Silverman, R. H., & Schreiber, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1998-06
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 227-264
- ISSN
- 0066-4154 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4509
- OpenAlex
- W2103565638
- Cited by
- 3,932
- References
- 323
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 78 · 2015: 102 · 2014: 131 · 2013: 130 · 2012: 151
- FWCI
- 15.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Keywords
- interferon, interferon signaling, Janus tyrosine kinases, signal transducer and activator of transcription, tyrosine phosphorylation, antiviral response, cell growth inhibition, interferon-induced proteins, immunomodulation
- MeSH terms
- Antiviral Agents, Interferons, Signal Transduction
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