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Cited by 32Immune Response and InflammationBacterial Infections and VaccinesImmune responses and vaccinations

The time course of the inflammatory response to the Salmonella typhi vaccination

Paine, Nicola J., Ring, Christopher, Bosch, Jos A., Drayson, Mark T., Veldhuijzen van Zanten, Jet J.C.S.·2013·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.01.004
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Abstract

The Salmonella typhi vaccination induces transient increases in inflammatory-responsive cytokines and molecules. For instance, it causes small, mild increases in interleukin-6 (IL-6) within a few hours and C-reactive protein (CRP) within 24h. No study has charted either the time course of the inflammatory response to this vaccine or any associated changes in mood, physical symptoms, and cardiac function. In a blinded crossover experimental design, eight participants received the S. typhi vaccine (vaccination condition) and a saline (control condition) injection on two separate days, at least one week apart. Blood samples and mood ratings were collected at 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 24h post-injection, physical symptoms and pain were assessed at 4-8 and 24h post-injection, and cardiovascular function was recorded until 8h post-injection. Repeated measures analyses of variance and polynomial trend analyses compared the timecourse of the response patterns between the two conditions. Whereas there were no temporal changes in the control condition, the vaccination increased granulocytes, IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP (all p's<.05). Specifically, the granulocytes, IL-6 and TNF-α peaked after 6-8h while CRP peaked after 24h. This vaccine-induced mild inflammatory response was not accompanied by any changes in mood or cardiovascular activity. We also found that participants tended to report more pain in the injected limb in the vaccination condition (p<.07). In sum, our study charted the timecourse of key inflammatory-responsive markers following S. typhi vaccination and identified the timing of their modest peaks. It is worth noting that changes in these markers were not accompanied by any notable changes in mood or cardiovascular activity, and thus the S. typhi vaccination is a suitable method to induce increases in inflammatory-responsive markers, without altering mood or cardiovascular parameters.

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  • Typhoid vaccination leads to a modest, short-term inflammatory response, with an average IL-6 increase of 0.82 pg/mL (106% increase) at 3 hours and resolution within 24 hours.

    “Typhoid vaccination leads to a modest, short-term inflammatory response; for example, an average increase of 0.82 pg/mL (a 106% increase) in IL-6 at 3 hours post-vaccination (Wright et al., 2005) and increases in inflammation resolve within 24 hours following typhoid vaccination (Paine et al., 2013).”

    From The role of inflammation in core features of depression: Insights from paradigms using exogenously-induced inflammation. (2018) · cites this paper as Paine et al., 2013

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Authors
Paine, N. J., Ring, C., Bosch, J. A., Drayson, M. T., & Veldhuijzen van Zanten, J. J. C. S.
Affiliations
  • University of Birmingham (GB)
  • Heidelberg University (DE)
Corresponding author
Paine, Nicola J.
ORCID
Venue
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-05
Volume
30
Pages
73-79
ISSN
0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.bbi.2013.01.004
OpenAlex
W2013516628
Cited by
32
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1
FWCI
2.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
Keywords
vaccine-induced inflammation, inflammation, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, TNF-α, granulocytes, mood, cardiovascular function
MeSH terms
Adult, C-Reactive Protein, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Salmonella typhi, Time Factors, Typhoid Fever, Vaccination, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Cross-Over Studies

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