Effects of typhoid vaccine on inflammation and sleep in healthy participants: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
Open accessAbstract
RATIONALE: An increasing body of evidence links the occurrence of sleep continuity disturbances with increased inflammation and both sleep disturbances and inflammation are associated with clinical depression. Typhoid vaccination results in a mild inflammatory response that significantly increases levels of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6. OBJECTIVES: The present exploratory study aimed to enhance our understanding of the link between inflammation, sleep and depression by examining the effects of typhoid vaccine on the sleep polysomnogram. METHODS: We studied the effects of a single injection of typhoid polysaccharide vaccine and placebo (saline solution) on sleep in 16 healthy male and female participants aged 20-38 years, sleeping at home in a randomized, double-blind, balanced order, crossover design. Subjective measures of mood, sleep and adverse effects were elicited and plasma samples analysed for IL-6 levels. RESULTS: IL-6 levels (in picogramme per millilitre) significantly increased 2 h post vaccine compared to placebo (0.90 vs 0.53, p = 0.026, r = 0.55). Relative to placebo, typhoid vaccination produced significant impairment in several measures of sleep continuity. Total sleep time (in minute) (426.1 vs 410.7, p = 0.005, r = 0.62) and sleep efficiency percent (94.3 vs 91.5, p = 0.007, r = 0.65) were decreased; with increases in wake after sleep onset (in minute) (25.5 vs 38.8, p = 0.007,r = 0.65), total wake (in minute) (34.9 vs 50.3, p = 0.005,r = 0.67), sleep stage transitions (155.9 vs 173.1, p = 0.026, r = 0.56), number of awakenings (27.2 vs 36.1, p = 0.007, r = 0.64) and awakening index (3.8 vs 5.3, p = 0.005, r = 0.67) (means, significance level and effect size). CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory mechanisms may underlie the impairment in sleep efficiency which is a hallmark of major depression. Because impaired sleep is also a predictor of major depression, there may be a role for suitable anti-inflammatory approaches in strategies designed to prevent the onset of depression. ClinicalTrials.gov ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ): NCT02628054.
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The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease
Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Haack, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00010.2018 · Cited by 1,479 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sharpley, A. L., Cooper, C. M., Williams, C., Godlewska, B. R., & Cowen, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Warneford Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sharpley, Ann L.
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2016-08-09
- Volume
- 233
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 3429-3435
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- PMC
- PMC4989013
- OpenAlex
- W2497786389
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Oxford
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- typhoid vaccine, polysaccharide vaccine, interleukin-6, inflammation, sleep continuity, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, sleep disorders, depression, polysomnography, vaccine adverse events, healthy adults, sleep stage transitions, number of awakenings, total sleep time, mood, cytokines, vaccine-induced inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Sleep, Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Polysomnography, Cross-Over Studies, Young Adult, Healthy Volunteers
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