Mild acute inflammatory stimulation induces transient negative mood
Open accessAbstract
Objective This study aims to assess the mood changes induced by mild acute inflammatory stimulation (typhoid vaccination). Methods Using a double blind study design, 26 healthy volunteers underwent baseline assessments of mood, financial strain and work stress and were randomised to injection of Salmonella typhi vaccine or placebo injection. Mood, symptoms and body temperature was assessed by a modified version of the Profile of Mood States at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 h post injection. Results Typhoid vaccination induces no increases in physical symptoms or temperature. Mood improved over the day in the placebo but not in the vaccine condition. Negative changes in mood following injection were correlated with chronic stress (financial strain) in the vaccination condition (r=-.65, P<.025). Conclusion A mild acute inflammatory stimulus induces transient negative mood, and responses were modulated by chronic stress. Implications for depressed mood in physical illness are discussed.
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Typhoid vaccination elicits significant increases in negative mood, confusion, and fatigue, and these effects are mediated by changes in IL-6.
“typhoid vaccination, which is a relatively mild inflammatory challenge, elicits significant increases in negative mood, confusion, and fatigue, and these effects are mediated by changes in IL-6”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Strike, Wardle, & Steptoe, 2004
The Results (Mood responses to vaccination; page unavailable) report a significant difference in overall mood between vaccine and placebo groups during the first three hours. The Methods (Statistical analysis; page unavailable) say confusion and fatigue contributed to the combined mood score, but the paper does not report significant increases in those symptoms individually. The Discussion (page unavailable) explicitly says cytokines were not measured, so IL-6 mediation was not established. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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Stress-associated Immune Dysregulation Can Affect Antibody and T-cell Responses to Vaccines
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- Authors
- Strike, P. C., Wardle, J., & Steptoe, A.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Strike, Philip C.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 189-194
- ISSN
- 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7125976
- OpenAlex
- W1997103984
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- British Heart Foundation
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Keywords
- mood, acute inflammation, typhoid vaccination, negative mood, chronic stress, financial stress, occupational stress, body temperature, Profile of Mood States
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Adult, Blood Pressure, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Injections, Male, Salmonella typhi, Typhoid Fever, Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines, Mood Disorders
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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