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A randomized controlled trial to test the effect of multispecies probiotics on cognitive reactivity to sad mood
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Recent insights into the role of the human microbiota in cognitive and affective functioning have led to the hypothesis that probiotic supplementation may act as an adjuvant strategy to ameliorate or prevent depression. OBJECTIVE: Heightened cognitive reactivity to normal, transient changes in sad mood is an established marker of vulnerability to depression and is considered an important target for interventions. The present study aimed to test if a multispecies probiotic containing Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Bifidobacterium lactis W52, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, Lactobacillus brevis W63, Lactobacillus casei W56, Lactobacillus salivarius W24, and Lactococcus lactis (W19 and W58) may reduce cognitive reactivity in non-depressed individuals. DESIGN: In a triple-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, pre- and post-intervention assessment design, 20 healthy participants without current mood disorder received a 4-week probiotic food-supplement intervention with the multispecies probiotics, while 20 control participants received an inert placebo for the same period. In the pre- and post-intervention assessment, cognitive reactivity to sad mood was assessed using the revised Leiden index of depression sensitivity scale. RESULTS: Compared to participants who received the placebo intervention, participants who received the 4-week multispecies probiotics intervention showed a significantly reduced overall cognitive reactivity to sad mood, which was largely accounted for by reduced rumination and aggressive thoughts. CONCLUSION: These results provide the first evidence that the intake of probiotics may help reduce negative thoughts associated with sad mood. Probiotics supplementation warrants further research as a potential preventive strategy for depression.
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“Several studies in healthy participants have demonstrated reduced stress-induced cortisol levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines, along with improved cognitive test performance, perceptions of stress, anxiety, and mood (465–469).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [468]
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“Various Lactobacillus strains, or Lactobacillus-containing supplements, have been shown to reduce depressive-like behaviour in rodents [1, 13, 23, 44, 45] and improve measures of depression in humans [3, 5, 39, 76].”
From Distinct actions of the fermented beverage kefir on host behaviour, immunity and microbiome gut-brain modules in the mouse (2020) · cites this paper as [76]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Steenbergen, L., Sellaro, R., van Hemert, S., Bosch, J. A., & Colzato, L. S.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University (NL)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Steenbergen, Laura
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-08
- Volume
- 48
- Pages
- 258-264
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1978433534
- Cited by
- 671
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 15
- FWCI
- 84.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (452-12-001)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- multispecies probiotics, depression vulnerability, rumination, aggressive thoughts, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus lactis, gut microbiota, depression prevention, probiotic supplementation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Affect, Bifidobacterium, Cognition, Depressive Disorder, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Male, Social Behavior, Dietary Supplements, Probiotics, Young Adult
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