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Cited by 146Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsTraumatic Brain Injury Research

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Cognitive deficits develop 1 month after diffuse brain injury and are exaggerated by microglia-associated reactivity to peripheral immune challenge

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Muccigrosso, Megan M., Ford, Joni, Benner, Brooke, Moussa, Daniel, Burnsides, Christopher, Fenn, Ashley M., Popovich, Phillip G., Lifshitz, Jonathan, Walker, Fredrick Rohan, Eiferman, Daniel S., Godbout, Jonathan P.·2016·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.01.009PMC PMC4828283
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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits immediate neuroinflammatory events that contribute to acute cognitive, motor, and affective disturbance. Despite resolution of these acute complications, significant neuropsychiatric and cognitive issues can develop and progress after TBI. We and others have provided novel evidence that these complications are potentiated by repeated injuries, immune challenges and stressors. A key component to this may be increased sensitization or priming of glia after TBI. Therefore, our objectives were to determine the degree to which cognitive deterioration occurred after diffuse TBI (moderate midline fluid percussion injury) and ascertain if glial reactivity induced by an acute immune challenge potentiated cognitive decline 30 days post injury (dpi). In post-recovery assessments, hippocampal-dependent learning and memory recall were normal 7 dpi, but anterograde learning was impaired by 30 dpi. Examination of mRNA and morphological profiles of glia 30 dpi indicated a low but persistent level of inflammation with elevated expression of GFAP and IL-1β in astrocytes and MHCII and IL-1β in microglia. Moreover, an acute immune challenge 30 dpi robustly interrupted memory consolidation specifically in TBI mice. These deficits were associated with exaggerated microglia-mediated inflammation with amplified (IL-1β, CCL2, TNFα) and prolonged (TNFα) cytokine/chemokine expression, and a marked reactive morphological profile of microglia in the CA3 of the hippocampus. Collectively, these data indicate that microglia remain sensitized 30 dpi after moderate TBI and a secondary inflammatory challenge elicits robust microglial reactivity that augments cognitive decline. Statement of significance Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major risk factor in development of neuropsychiatric problems long after injury, negatively affecting quality of life. Mounting evidence indicates that inflammatory processes worsen with time after a brain injury and are likely mediated by glia. Here, we show that primed microglia and astrocytes developed in mice 1 month following moderate diffuse TBI, coinciding with cognitive deficits that were not initially evident after injury. Additionally, TBI-induced glial priming may adversely affect the ability of glia to appropriately respond to immune challenges, which occur regularly across the lifespan. Indeed, we show that an acute immune challenge augmented microglial reactivity and cognitive deficits. This idea may provide new avenues of clinical assessments and treatments following TBI.

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Metadata

Authors
Muccigrosso, M. M., Ford, J., Benner, B., Moussa, D., Burnsides, C., Fenn, A. M., Popovich, P. G., Lifshitz, J., Walker, F. R., Eiferman, D. S., & Godbout, J. P.
Affiliations
  • The Ohio State University (US)
  • The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (US)
  • Barrow Neurological Institute (US)
  • University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
Corresponding author
Godbout, Jonathan P.
ORCID
Venue
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-05
Volume
54
Pages
95-109
ISSN
0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.bbi.2016.01.009
PMC
PMC4828283
OpenAlex
W2237921172
Cited by
146
References
70
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11
FWCI
12.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • NIA Grant (R01-AG-033028)
  • College of Medicine Dean’s Discovery Grant
  • Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair
  • American Surgical Society Fellowship
  • P30 Core Grant
  • National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Training Grant
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Keywords
traumatic brain injury, diffuse brain injury, fluid percussion injury, microglial activation, neuroinflammation, cognitive impairment, memory consolidation, anterograde amnesia, hippocampus, CA3, astrocytes, IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, MHC class II, glial fibrillary acidic protein, immune challenge
MeSH terms
Brain Injuries, Diffuse, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Animals, Astrocytes, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Disease Models, Animal, Inflammation, Male, Memory, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Quality of Life, Cytokines, Microglia, Inflammation Mediators, Chemokines, Mice

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