The effect of long-term high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on working memory in schizophrenia and healthy controls-A randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind fMRI study
Abstract
In schizophrenia patients negative symptoms and cognitive impairment often persist despite treatment with second generation antipsychotics leading to reduced quality of life and psychosocial functioning. One core cognitive deficit is impaired working memory (WM) suggesting malfunctioning of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been used to transiently facilitate or consolidate neuronal processes. Pilot studies using rTMS have demonstrated improvement of psychopathology in other psychiatric disorders, but a systematic investigation of working memory effects outlasting the stimulation procedure has not been performed so far. The aim of our study was to explore the effect of a 3-week high frequency active or sham 10 Hz rTMS on cognition, specifically on working memory, in schizophrenia patients (n=25) in addition to antipsychotic therapy and in healthy controls (n=22). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare activation patterns during verbal WM (letter 2-back task) before and after 3-weeks treatment with rTMS. Additionally, other cognitive tasks were conducted. 10 Hz rTMS was applied over the left posterior middle frontal gyrus (EEG electrode location F3) with an intensity of 110% of the individual resting motor threshold (RMT) over a total of 15 sessions. Participants recruited the common fronto- parietal and subcortical WM network. Multiple regression analyses revealed no significant…
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Other adjacent regions were also stimulated across the included studies.
“However, we also found other (adjacent) regions to be stimulated across the included studies (e.g. Eliasova, Anderkova, Marecek, & Rektorova, 2014; Guse et al., 2013).”
From Efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation on cognitive functioning in brain disorders: a meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Guse et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Guse, B., Falkai, P., Gruber, O., Whalley, H., Gibson, L., Hasan, A., Obst, K., Dechent, P., McIntosh, A., Suchan, B., & Wobrock, T.
- Affiliations
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (DE)
- Royal Edinburgh Hospital (GB)
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Guse, Birgit
- ORCID
- Venue
- Behavioural Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 237
- Pages
- 300-307
- ISSN
- 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2005413066
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- GRO (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- OPUS (Augsburg University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University Medical Center
- MR-Research in Neurology and Psychiatry
- Georg-August-University Goettingen
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
- German Research Foundation (FA 241/10-1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Keywords
- high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, working memory, schizophrenia, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cognitive impairment, negative symptoms, 10 Hz rTMS, sham stimulation, long-term cognitive outcomes, antipsychotic drugs
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain, Brain Mapping, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory Disorders, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenia, Treatment Outcome, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Young Adult
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