Can noninvasive brain stimulation enhance cognition in neuropsychiatric disorders?
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of many neuropsychiatric diseases and a key contributor to the patient's quality of life. However, an effective therapeutic strategy has yet to be developed. Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, namely transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), are promising techniques that are under investigation for a variety of otherwise treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric diseases. Notably, these tools can induce alterations in neural networks subserving cognitive operations and thus may provide a means for cognitive restoration. The purpose of this article is to review the available evidence concerning cognitive enhancing properties of noninvasive brain stimulation in neuropsychiatry. We specifically focus on major depression, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), where cognitive dysfunction is a major symptom and some studies have been completed with promising results. We provide a critical assessment of the available research and suggestions to guide future efforts. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Cognitive Enhancers'.
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These stimulation techniques affect cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in use-dependent local and distant synaptic plasticity, i.e., GABA and glutamate-mediated long-term potentiation, which may lead to longer-term effects.
“These stimulation techniques affect cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in use-dependent local and distant synaptic plasticity, i.e., GABA and glutamate-mediated long-term potentiation, which may lead to longer-term effects (Demirtas-Tatlidede et al., 2013).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Demirtas-Tatlidede et al., 2013
Evidence for efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation in producing long-term improvements in cognition in clinical groups is currently promising but inconclusive.
“However, evidence for efficacy of these techniques in producing long-term improvements in cognition in clinical groups is currently promising but inconclusive (e.g., Demirtas-Tatlidede et al., 2013).”
From Advancing understanding of executive function impairments and psychopathology: bridging the gap between clinical and cognitive approaches (2015) · cites this paper as Demirtas-Tatlidede et al., 2013
Individuals with inflammatory and metabolic comorbidities have greater risks of mood disorders and cognitive dysfunction.
“Indeed, individuals with inflammatory and metabolic comorbidities are at greater risks of mood disorders and cognitive dysfunction.13,14”
From Cognitive Impairment in Major Depressive Disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
Prior systematic reviews of DLPFC stimulation effects on cognition across psychiatric disorders found no improvement in attention domains and only found significant improvements in working memory and verbal memory.
“This finding is in accordance with prior systematic reviews of DLPFC stimulation effects on cognition across psychiatric disorders which found no improvement in attention domains (including selective, sustained, and divided) and only found significant improvements in working memory137 and verbal memory138.”
From Paying attention to attention in depression (2019) · cites this paper as [138]
Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, namely transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation, are promising techniques under investigation for both their antidepressant and cognitive-enhancing potential in major depressive disorder.
“For example, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, namely transcranial magnetic stimulation [185] and transcranial direct current stimulation [186, 187], are promising techniques under investigation for both their antidepressant and cognitive-enhancing potential in MDD [188].”
From Cognitive remission: a novel objective for the treatment of major depression? (2016) · cites this paper as [188]
Our stimulation method did not follow usual tDCS protocols for treatment of clinical symptoms during daytime: single session, lower current strength (0.25 mA vs 1-2 mA), and oscillating not constant above 1 mA.
“Moreover, our stimulation method did not follow the usual tDCS protocols for the treatment of clinical symptoms during daytime as reviewed by [48,49]: a) in comparison to most other studies, we applied DC only in one single stimulation session; b) the applied current strength in our study was significantly lower than in other studies (0.25 mA vs. 1e2 mA); and c) DC stimulation in our study was not”
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- Authors
- Demirtas-Tatlidede, A., Vahabzadeh-Hagh, A. M., & Pascual-Leone, A.
- Venue
- Neuropharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 64
- Pages
- 566-578
- ISSN
- 0028-3908 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3725288
- OpenAlex
- W2146822580
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 150
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuropharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (RR025758)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
- Keywords
- non-invasive brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, cognitive enhancement, cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric disorders, major depressive disorder, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, neural network modulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Mental Disorders, Cognition Disorders, Combined Modality Therapy, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Nootropic Agents, Magnetic Field Therapy
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