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Basal ganglia circuit loops, dopamine and motivation: A review and enquiry
Open accessAbstract
Dopamine neurons located in the midbrain play a role in motivation that regulates approach behavior (approach motivation). In addition, activation and inactivation of dopamine neurons regulate mood and induce reward and aversion, respectively. Accumulating evidence suggests that such motivational role of dopamine neurons is not limited to those located in the ventral tegmental area, but also in the substantia nigra. The present paper reviews previous rodent work concerning dopamine's role in approach motivation and the connectivity of dopamine neurons, and proposes two working models: One concerns the relationship between extracellular dopamine concentration and approach motivation. High, moderate and low concentrations of extracellular dopamine induce euphoric, seeking and aversive states, respectively. The other concerns circuit loops involving the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, epithalamus, and midbrain through which dopaminergic activity alters approach motivation. These models should help to generate hypothesis-driven research and provide insights for understanding altered states associated with drugs of abuse and affective disorders.
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“Intriguingly, the caudate nucleus receives projections from midbrain DA and is part of the nigrostriatal DA system, which, like the mesolimbic DA system, plays a role in reward and motivation (Ikemoto et al., 2015).”
From Convergence of oxytocin and dopamine signalling in neuronal circuits: Insights into the neurobiology of social interactions across species (2024) · cites this paper as Ikemoto et al., 2015
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ResultNucleus accumbens pathways control cell-specific gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ikemoto, S., Yang, C., & Tan, A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ikemoto, Satoshi
- Venue
- Behavioural Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 290
- Pages
- 17-31
- ISSN
- 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4447603
- OpenAlex
- W2081845928
- Semantic Scholar
- bb06782b6fb20361735cf21f960fea754adbcf67
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 255
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 2.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (ZIADA000575, ZIADA000439, ZIADA000550)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- dopamine, approach motivation, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, reward, aversion, thalamus, epithalamus, drugs of abuse, mood disorders
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Basal Ganglia, Motivation, Nerve Net, Reward, Dopaminergic Neurons
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